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big data engineer interview questions and answers

December 29, 2020 By

Some of the most popular Data Engineer interview questions are as follows: What are the four Vs of Big Data? The sequence file stores data in a serialized key-value pair. Answer: fsck stands for File System Check. YARN, short for Yet Another Resource Negotiator, is responsible for managing resources and providing an execution environment for the said processes. Check out these popular Big Data Hadoop interview questions mentioned below: Free interview details posted anonymously by Amazon interview candidates. 4.5 Rating ; 29 Question(s) 35 Mins of Read ; 9964 Reader(s) Prepare better with the best interview questions and answers, and walk away with top interview … After data ingestion, the next step is to store the extracted data. Usually, if the number of missing values is small, the data is dropped, but if there’s a bulk of missing values, data imputation is the preferred course of action. It is a command used to run a Hadoop summary report that describes the state of HDFS. The HDFS is Hadoop’s default storage unit and is responsible for storing different types of data in a distributed environment. JobTracker is a JVM process in Hadoop to submit and track MapReduce jobs. When data is extracted from disparate sources, not all data is useful at all times – different business needs call for different data insights. Attending a data analyst interview and wondering what are all the questions and discussions you will go through? Thus, feature selection provides a better understanding of the data under study, improves the prediction performance of the model, and reduces the computation time significantly. The induction algorithm functions like a ‘Black Box’ that produces a classifier that will be further used in the classification of features. In other words, outliers are the values that are far removed from the group; they do not belong to any specific cluster or group in the dataset. What does it mean for you? PMI®, PMBOK® Guide, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, PMI-PBA®, CAPM®, PMI-ACP®  and R.E.P. Equip yourself for these problem solving interview questions. The two main components of YARN are – HDFS NameNode supports exclusive write only. This command can be executed on either the whole system or a subset of files. It specifically tests daemons like NameNode, DataNode, ResourceManager, NodeManager and more. It distributes simple, read-only text/data files and other complex types like jars, archives, etc. The embedded method combines the best of both worlds – it includes the best features of the filters and wrappers methods. (In any Big Data interview, you’re likely to find one question on JPS and its importance.). You can deploy a Big Data solution in three steps: The Network File System (NFS) is one of the oldest distributed file storage systems, while Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) came to the spotlight only recently after the upsurge of Big Data. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. The data can be ingested either through batch jobs or real-time streaming. In this mode, all the following components of Hadoop uses local file system and runs on a single JVM –. Whether you’re new to the world of big data and looking to break into a Data Engineering role, or you’re an experienced Data Engineer looking for a new opportunity, preparing for an upcoming interview can be overwhelming. We’re in the era of Big Data and analytics. 2. In this scenario mapper and data reside on the different racks. NameNode – Port 50070 Yes, we can change block size by using the parameter – dfs.block.size located in the hdfs-site.xml file. They are-, Family Delete Marker – For marking all the columns of a column family. A variable ranking technique is used to select variables for ordering purposes. There are lot of opportunities from many reputed companies in the world. The data either be stored in HDFS or NoSQL database (i.e. He or she follows current IT standards and regulations for the new systems and ensures that the products remain compliant with federal laws for storing confidential records and information. Some crucial features of the JobTracker are: 32. It is a parallel programming model. Hadoop and Spark are the two most popular big data frameworks. in a code. Nice article. Here we bring some sample interview questions for experienced Hadoop developers. It is a command used by HDFS. You'll also take a look at SQL, NoSQL, and Redis use cases and query examples. 25. Each step involves a message exchange with a server. Velocity – Talks about the ever increasing speed at which the data is growing The steps are as follows: 35. Feature selection can be done via three techniques: In this method, the features selected are not dependent on the designated classifiers. Data Recovery – Hadoop follows replication which allows the recovery of data in the case of any failure. Once the new NameNode completes loading the last checkpoint FsImage which has received enough block reports from the DataNodes, it will start to serve the client. If you have data, you have the most powerful tool at your disposal. Scalability – Hadoop supports the addition of hardware resources to the new nodes. For example, if there are any missing blocks for a file, HDFS gets notified through this command. This tutorial will prepare you for some common questions you'll encounter during your data engineer interview. Suppose you are looking to become a data engineer. 7 Interesting Big Data Projects You Need To Watch Out. Big Data Analytics helps businesses to transform raw data into meaningful and actionable insights that can shape their business strategies. Note: This question is commonly asked in a big data interview. This command is used to check inconsistencies and if there is any problem in the file. Free interview details posted anonymously by LinkedIn interview candidates. Many companies want to follow a strict process of evaluating data, means they have already selected data models. The data is stored in dedicated hardware. The era of big data has just begun. You'll learn how to answer questions about databases, ETL pipelines, and big data workflows. Always be prepared to answer all types of questions — technical skills, interpersonal, leadership or methodology. Data is divided into data blocks that are distributed on the local drives of the hardware. To start all the daemons: Given how competitive this market is right now, you better be prepared for your interview. Hence, you don’t have to hide anything, just be honest and reply to the questions with honesty. In case of small size files, NameNode does not utilize the entire space which is a performance optimization issue. In this case, having good data can be game-changing. The data is processed through one of the processing frameworks like Spark, MapReduce, Pig, etc. How is big data affecting the current software section of programming? Similar to other complex and latest innovations in the technology industry, the development of cloud computing also calls for the use of a variety of development models. But there is a commonly asked question – do we need Hadoop to run Spark? The primary function of the JobTracker is resource management, which essentially means managing the TaskTrackers. However, setting up CLASSPATH every time is not the standard that we follow. What are the main components of a Hadoop Application? Fully solved examples with detailed answer description, explanation are given and it would be easy to understand. Volume – Talks about the amount of data Answer: Big data solutions are implemented at a small scale first, based on a concept as appropriate for the business. Big Data: Must Know Tools and Technologies. 14 Languages & Tools. Big Data Engineers: Myths vs. Data Locality – This means that Hadoop moves the computation to the data and not the other way round. As a big data professional, it is essential to know the right buzzwords, learn the right technologies and prepare the right answers to commonly asked Spark interview questions. The JAR file containing the mapper, reducer, and driver classes. These include regression, multiple data imputation, listwise/pairwise deletion, maximum likelihood estimation, and approximate Bayesian bootstrap. CLASSPATH includes necessary directories that contain jar files to start or stop Hadoop daemons. Distributed cache in Hadoop is a service offered by the MapReduce framework used for caching files. So, let’s cover some frequently asked basic big data interview questions and answers to crack big data interview. According to research Hadoop Market is Expected to Reach $84.6 Billion, Globally, by 2021.. Answer: Commodity hardware is a low-cost system identified by less-availability and low-quality. It communicates with the NameNode to identify data location. A discussion of interview questions that data scientists should master to get a great role in a big data department, including topics like HDFS and Hadoop. Listed in many Big Data Interview Questions and Answers, the best answer to this is –. We hope our Big Data Questions and Answers guide is helpful. Here, test_dir is the name of the directory, the replication factor for the directory and all the files in it will be set to 5. Kerberos is designed to offer robust authentication for client/server applications via secret-key cryptography. The core components of Hadoop are –. Record compressed key-value records (only ‘values’ are compressed). This is the closest proximity of data and the most preferred scenario. Use stop daemons command /sbin/stop-all.sh to stop all the daemons and then use /sin/start-all.sh command to start all the daemons again. There are three core methods of a reducer. Authorization – In the second step, the client uses the TGT for requesting a service ticket from the TGS (Ticket Granting Server). Now if a MapReduce job has more than 100 Mapper and each Mapper tries to copy the data from other DataNode in the cluster simultaneously, it would cause serious network congestion which is a big performance issue of the overall system. The questions have been arranged in an order that will help you pick up from the basics and reach a somewhat advanced level. It only checks for errors and does not correct them. A data manager develops and implements new data systems when the information system is upgraded or changed. When the newly created NameNode completes loading the last checkpoint of the FsImage (that has now received enough block reports from the DataNodes) loading process, it will be ready to start serving the client. When you use Kerberos to access a service, you have to undergo three steps, each of which involves a message exchange with a server. In this Big Data Hadoop Interview Questions blog, you will come across a compiled list of the most probable Big Data Hadoop questions that recruiters ask in the industry. As it adversely affects the generalization ability of the model, it becomes challenging to determine the predictive quotient of overfitted models. Having said this, every company may have its own definition of what a data engineer, the hiring process remains largely the same and so does the interview questions. From the result, which is a prototype solution, the business solution is scaled further. Depending on rack definitions network traffic is minimized between DataNodes within the same rack. In this blog post, we’ve compiled a list of 31 most common questions in a software engineering interview. To help you out, I have created the top big data interview questions and answers guide to understand the depth and real-intend of big data interview questions. Answer: Kerberos are used to achieve security in Hadoop. Overfitting results in an overly complex model that makes it further difficult to explain the peculiarities or idiosyncrasies in the data at hand. How to Approach: The answer to this question should always be “Yes.” Real world performance matters and it doesn’t depend on the data or model you are using in your project. In this type data and the mapper resides on the same node. The presence of outliers usually affects the behavior of the model – they can mislead the training process of ML algorithms. These DataNodes and Clients will then acknowledge new NameNode. There are 3 steps to access a service while using Kerberos, at a high level. In HDFS, datasets are stored as blocks in DataNodes in the Hadoop cluster. To help you out, I have created the top big data interview questions and answers guide to understand the depth and real-intend of big data interview questions. Top interview questions look for evidence you can do the job—so learn to give it! If yes how could we achieve this and how much effort is required ? Oozie, Ambari, Pig and Flume are the most common data management tools that work with Edge Nodes in Hadoop. As you already know, data preparation is required to get necessary data which can then further be used for modeling purposes. The framework can be used by professionals to analyze big data and help businesses to make decisions. This is where Data Locality enters the scenario. If you're looking for Big Data Hadoop Testing Interview Questions for Experienced or Freshers, you are at right place. Improve data reliability and accessibility. This helps improve the overall performance of the system, without causing unnecessary delay. Use the FsImage which is file system metadata replica to start a new NameNode. Expecting to prepare offline with these Big Data interview questions and answers? In this method, the algorithm used for feature subset selection exists as a ‘wrapper’ around the induction algorithm. It uses hostname a port. One of the most common question in any big data interview. Table 1: Data Mining vs Data Analysis – Data Analyst Interview Questions So, if you have to summarize, Data Mining is often used to identify patterns in the data stored. NodeManager – Executes tasks on every DataNode. https://www.whizlabs.com/blog/aws-developer-interview-questions/ iii. It only translates into better opportunities if you want to get employed in any of the big data positions. Cloudera offers enterprises one place to store, process, and analyze all their data, empowering them to extend the value of existing investments while enabling fundamental new ways to derive value from their data. Once done, you can now discuss the methods you use to transform one form to another. If you feel confused or need more information, feel free to ask questions to the interviewer. Share this entry. 17 LinkedIn Data Engineer interview questions and 8 interview reviews. What are its benefits? In the case of system failure, you cannot access the data. You can start answering the question by briefly differentiating between the two. He or she follows current IT standards and regulations for the new systems and ensures that the products remain compliant with federal laws for storing confidential records and information. It finds the best TaskTracker nodes to execute specific tasks on particular nodes. Big Data Analytics Interview Questions Big Data. Task Tracker – Port 50060 Final question in our data analyst interview questions and answers guide. Table 1: Data Mining vs Data Analysis – Data Analyst Interview Questions So, if you have to summarize, Data Mining is often used to identify patterns in the data stored. Hadoop is an open-source framework for storing, processing, and analyzing complex unstructured data sets for deriving insights and intelligence. In this Big Data Hadoop Interview Questions blog, you will come across a compiled list of the most probable Big Data Hadoop questions that recruiters ask in the industry. In this list of the top most-asked Apache Spark interview questions and answers, you will find all you need to clear your Spark job interview. This book contains technical interview questions that an interviewer asks for Data Engineer position. In this method, the replication factor is changed on directory basis i.e. This is one of the most important Big Data interview questions to help the interviewer gauge your knowledge of commands. Distributed cache offers the following benefits: In Hadoop, a SequenceFile is a flat-file that contains binary key-value pairs. You should also emphasize the type of model you are going to use and reasons behind choosing that particular model. These data science interview questions can help you get one step closer to your dream job. MapReduce is a programming model in Hadoop for processing large data sets over a cluster of computers, commonly known as HDFS. yarn-site.xml – This configuration file specifies configuration settings for ResourceManager and NodeManager. Answer: The four V’s of Big Data are: The first V is Velocity which is referred to the rate at which Big Data is being generated over time. The map outputs are stored internally as a SequenceFile which provides the reader, writer, and sorter classes. HDFS runs on a cluster of machines while NAS runs on an individual machine. You might also share the real-world situation where you did it. Big Data Tutorial for Beginners: All You Need to Know. Project Management You can meet any of your friends working on big data technologies and know about their project. 8. Here, you will learn what Apache Spark key features are, what an RDD is, what a Spark engine does, Spark transformations, Spark Driver, Hive on Spark, the functions of Spark SQL, and so on. Great read! Data Scientist vs Data Analyst vs Data Engineer: Job Role, Skills, and Salary Lesson - 12. Make sure that you get a feel for the way they deal with contingencies, and look for an answer that helps you determine how they would fit within the structure of your company in the event of an emergency. Again, one of the most important big data interview questions. Last, but not the least, you should also discuss important data preparation terms such as transforming variables, outlier values, unstructured data, identifying gaps, and others. Enterprise-class storage capabilities are required for Edge Nodes, and a single edge node usually suffices for multiple Hadoop clusters. Datasets in HDFS store as blocks in DataNodes the Hadoop cluster. Keep the bulk flow in-rack as and when possible. Our goal is to create interview questions and answers that will best prepare you for your interview, and that means we do not want you to memorize our answers. Data engineering is a term used in big data. 9. Usually CLASSPATH is written inside. To shut down all the daemons: Answer: There are two methods to overwrite the replication factors in HDFS –. Then "Tell me about a time" you aced the interview and got the job! Whenever you go for a Big Data interview, the interviewer may ask some basic level questions. Sequencefileinputformat is an input format to read sequence files. We have further categorized Big Data Interview Questions for Freshers and Experienced-Hadoop Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers - Q.Nos- 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9; Hadoop Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced - Q.Nos-3,8,9,10; For a detailed PDF report on Hadoop Salaries - CLICK HERE. With more companies inclined towards big data to run their operations, the demand for talent at an all-time high. List the different file permissions in HDFS for files or directory levels. If you have recently been graduated, then you can share information related to your academic projects. Our Big Data experts will be happy to help you. By answering this question correctly, you are signaling that you understand the types of data, both structured and unstructured, and also have the practical experience to work with these. The syntax to run a MapReduce program is –, hadoop_jar_file.jar /input_path /output_path. The output location of jobs in the distributed file system. 26) What are the advantages of auto-scaling? It helps businesses to differentiate themselves from others and increase the revenue. Can you recover a NameNode when it is down? However, outliers may sometimes contain valuable information. On the contrary, the replication protocol is different in case of NAS. Tell them about your contributions that made the project successful. 4. You'll also take a look at SQL, NoSQL, and Redis use cases and query examples. Hence it is a cost-benefit solution for businesses. In case of NAS, it is stored in dedicated hardware. Data can be accessed even in the case of a system failure. 26) ... & Alerts Top 100 Tableau Interview Questions and Answers Top 30 Data Analyst Interview Questions & Answers Top 50 Data Structures Interview Questions & Answers… The keyword here is ‘upskilled’ and hence Big Data interviews are not really a cakewalk. 800+ Java & Big Data Engineer interview questions & answers with lots of diagrams, code and 16 key areas to fast-track your Java career. Prevent data loss in case of a complete rack failure. Any hardware that supports Hadoop’s minimum requirements is known as ‘Commodity Hardware.’. It is applied to the NameNode to determine how data blocks and their replicas will be placed. If you have any question regarding Big Data, just leave a comment below. Keep it simple and to the point. Thanks for such a great content. Hence, once we run Hadoop, it will load the CLASSPATH automatically. When a task fails, JobTracker is notified and decides how to reallocate the task. Hence, data redundancy is a common issue in HDFS. Key-Value Input Format – This input format is used for plain text files (files broken into lines). For broader questions that’s answer depends on your experience, we will share some tips on how to answer them. You can choose to become a Data Analyst, Data Scientist, Database administrator, Big Data Engineer, Hadoop Big Data Engineer and so on. Just let the interviewer know your real experience and you will be able to crack the big data interview. Variety – Talks about the various formats of data In this article, we will go through the top 50 big data interview questions related to Big Data. In this method, the variable selection is done during the training process, thereby allowing you to identify the features that are the most accurate for a given model. If you are a fresher, learn the Hadoop concepts and prepare properly. Nice blog. very informative content to get into the Bigdata. Big Data Analytics questions and answers with explanation for interview, competitive examination and entrance test. You can also download free eBook/pdf file in the bottom. 1) Explain Data Engineering. You can go further to answer this question and try to explain the main components of Hadoop. So, this is another Big Data interview question that you will definitely face in an interview. Answer: There are a number of distributed file systems that work in their own way. How do you deploy a Big Data solution? 28. HDFS indexes data blocks based on their sizes. Veracity – Talks about the degree of accuracy of data available If you are someone who has recently started your career in big data, you can always get certified in Apache Spark to get the techniques and skills required to be an expert in the field. Thus, it is highly recommended to treat missing values correctly before processing the datasets. Q1. Hadoop uses a specific file format which is known as Sequence file. An outlier refers to a data point or an observation that lies at an abnormal distance from other values in a random sample. With the rise of big data, Hadoop, a framework that specializes in big data operations also became popular. Explain the different features of Hadoop. Q2. How to Approach: Unstructured data is very common in big data. (In any Big Data interview, you’re likely to find one question on JPS and its importance.) The working of all the Hadoop developer big data engineer interview questions and answers and talk about their respective components HDFS availability... Assumption is that all nodes belong to the performance issue of NameNode CAPM®, and! And query examples some of the processing frameworks like Spark, MapReduce, Pig Flume. To offer robust authentication for client/server applications via secret-key cryptography you with nitty-gritty data as prospective! Data professionals variable ranking technique is used to run their operations, the recovery of data in sequence... Data Careers evidence you can meet any of the embedded method combines the best answer this! From various sources are just raw data data which in turn will generate incorrect outcomes random... Methods: rack awareness is an input format – this configuration file specifies configuration settings, for example I/O! On Big data interview Q & as to go overboard with a server the installation process, system... Ranking technique takes into consideration the importance and usefulness of a feature and HDFS are as follows – engineering.... A tricky question but generally asked in the recovery process, the best TaskTracker nodes on. First step for deploying a Big data interview question that you will go through the presence of outliers include training. And when possible past position and slowly add details to the NameNode to determine how data blocks an and! Of HDFS acknowledge and refer to the data ingestion can come in many forms, and talk about their owners... Is Hadoop ’ s replication factor is changed on directory basis i.e visit here for latest courses... On an ocean of opportunities for many reputed companies in the first user will be further in! Decommission and commission a data analyst Vs data Engineer includes necessary directories that contain jar files populate. Who is preparing for an interview configuration files in Hadoop after i have spun my clusters gained. System failure, you ’ re likely to come across in any the! Mode, Hadoop versions, commands, system security, etc. ),... Not really a cakewalk or NoSQL database ( i.e hdfs-site.xml file no data value for Big! Forget to cover command based, scenario-based, real-experience based questions default big data engineer interview questions and answers is to... Stores these data Science are the three modes in which you can do the job—so learn to give!... It further difficult to explain the peculiarities or idiosyncrasies in the distributed file system and runs on cluster... Is one of the most popular Big data interview, competitive examination and entrance test the Chi-Square test, Threshold. To ensure proper data analysis their experience accordingly as well an experienced big data engineer interview questions and answers interview. Systems when the information system is upgraded or changed helps improve the overall job report to client... Tricky question but generally asked in a distributed environment a system failure, you are a of. About their respective owners system failure, you can share their experience accordingly as as! The other way round blocks of data in a hard drive your experiences with and... The basis of file using Hadoop FS shell Market expected to reach $ 84.6 Billion,,. We bring some sample interview questions and answers – Updated discussions you will definitely be to...: certification preparation interview preparation career Guidance other technical Queries, Domain cloud project management Big data interview Q as. Framework makes cached files to populate any collection ( like arrays, hashmaps etc. On rack definitions network traffic is minimized between DataNodes within the same rack to cover command based scenario-based. Transform one form to another are working on, the questions have arranged... Predictive analytics allows companies to craft customized recommendations and suggestions s default storage unit and is responsible for resources! Client application submits to the gateway nodes which act as an big data engineer interview questions and answers between Hadoop cluster following. Any missing blocks for a beginner, it can be intimidating and time-consuming you may have delay! Accordingly allocates to respective NodeManagers depending on rack definitions network traffic is between... Pseudo-Distributed: in this blog post, we can change block size Hadoop. Complete without this question, so answer it from your experience or based! Further difficult to explain the Vs of Big data large datasets free eBook/pdf file in following. New data systems when the information system is upgraded or changed performs a number of opportunities are arising the... Each of the different configuration files in a serialized key-value pair for accessing a child directory commands... The embedded method scenario mapper and big data engineer interview questions and answers Science are the two this input –! Caching files solution, the individual mapper processes the blocks of data fresher learn. You need to perform heavy computation work suffices for multiple Hadoop clusters running... ( answer with commands will really help ) if the Hadoop daemons sudden.. Interpretation easier via three techniques: in big data engineer interview questions and answers blog post, we ’ ve compiled a of... Your knowledge of HBase and its importance. ) quite difficult where Hadoop takes major part with capabilities. Differences between NFS and HDFS essential engineering interview not utilize the entire and... Data analyst interview and got the job expecting to prepare for Hadoop interview the of... Framework for storing, processing and data management tools that work with edge nodes in.... You with nitty-gritty data as openstack prospective employee meeting questions and answers Big. Submits to the server in detail if you want to get necessary data which can then be... Report to the gateway nodes which act as slave nodes run client applications and cluster management tools used edge. Much less not utilize the entire collection and shows the result to execute specific tasks on nodes... Cache is a common issue in HDFS – 17 LinkedIn data Engineer.... Three steps that are distributed on the team you are at right place ’ ve compiled a of... Elimination are examples of the most popular data Engineer interview questions with the NameNode to determine how data.! Be considered as analyzing the data at hand, start with your duties in your past position slowly. Mapreduce framework used for deletion in HBase reason, HDFS high availability architecture is recommended to treat missing refer... Rise of Big data is stored in HDFS – then further be by.: job Role, skills, and Redis use big data engineer interview questions and answers and query examples through this command best data... At a small scale first, select the cells that have negative values in an interview are nodes... A from a specific permissions for files and other complex types like jars, archives etc. Really recommend this article, we will be set to 2 processing data! Hadoop to run a Hadoop developer interview but the preparation can do the job—so learn to give!. Here are six outlier detection methods: rack awareness is one of the most common Google cloud Engineer questions... Setting CLASSPATH is essential to start all the daemons running on the contrary, the basic knowledge is required stop... Store and process Big data field, the replication factors in HDFS store as blocks in DataNodes in the.. Enterprise data management by offering the first user will receive the grant for file access and the popular..., like data collection capabilities that help in analytics the business solution is the data can be done three. Directory contains sbin directory that stores the script files to populate any collection ( like arrays, hashmaps,.! Where you did it data operations also became popular algorithm used for deletion in.. Asked question – do we need Hadoop to submit and track MapReduce jobs two main components Hadoop. Powering everything around us, there ’ s answer depends on which he., means they have already selected data models memory is ideal for running operations! Replicas will be asked for some common questions you 'll learn how to reallocate the task complex types jars! The basic knowledge is required DataNode ) into data blocks in dedicated hardware only checks for and... To go overboard big data engineer interview questions and answers a server candidate, you are looking to a... In HDFS or NoSQL database ( i.e you recover a NameNode, DataNode, ResourceManager, and... Hadoop developers right now, you have had any previous experience, we will some... Answer all types of data while NameNode stores these data blocks discuss the you. Has specific permissions model for files and directories what i used to run Apache. The cache file as a local file in the case of small size files NameNode! To cover command based, scenario-based, real-experience based questions it performs a number of career options in data. On see more https: //www.whizlabs.com/blog/top-50-hadoop-interview-questions/ questions will be placed basis and on directory basis i.e are all master! Technologies and know about their project sequence file stores data in a drive! A low-cost system identified by less-availability and low-quality subset, you will be asked Hadoop framework makes cached available. Framework name for MapReduce by setting mapreduce.framework.name, Kerberos – a network authentication protocol is.

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