dutch settlers in south africa

By the end of 1847, following annexation by Britain of the former Boer republic of Natalia, nearly all the Boers had left their former republic, which the British renamed Natal. Between 1652 and 1691 a Commandment, and between 1691 and 1795 a Governorate of the United East India Company (VOC). Traders of the United East India Company (VOC), under the command of Jan van Riebieeck, were the first people to establish a European colony in South Africa. Leopold II of Belgium. The United East India Company transferred its territories and claims to the Batavian Republic (the Revolutionary period Dutch state) in 1798, then ceased to exist in 1799. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, Dutch Colonial Empire. In 1795, after the Battle of Muizenberg in present-day Cape Town, the British occupied the colony. They traditionally dominated South Africa's politics and commercial agricultural sector prior to 1994. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, Malacca, Thailand, and Philippines. 1998, Hilversum. List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, South East Asia and the Far East. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, The Dutch East India Company: VOC (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie), Map of Dutch settlements in Guyana and Suriname 1600-1750, The Dutch in Formosa 1624-1662, 1664-1668, Index of the Journal of the Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon, Dutch and Portuguese remains in Sri Lanka: forts and churches, The Dutch Burghers of Sri Lanka. There, Dutch ships were picking up a twelve to fourteen-day supply of carrots, beets and other vegetables and a few live sheep. There are no specific guidelines. In January 1806, the British occupied the colony for a second time after the Battle of Blaauwberg at present-day Bloubergstrand. false (dutch) racism is the name for the belief that one race is superior to others. XI, 280 pp. They stayed for nearly one year and were rescued by a fleet of 12 ships under the command of W.G. As these farms were labour-intensive, Vryburghers imported slaves from Madagascar, Mozambique and Asia (Dutch East Indies and Dutch Ceylon), which rapidly increased the number of inhabitants. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, Africa. List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, Central America. In 1795, France occupied the Dutch Republic. When Great Britain took over South Africa and the Dutch settlers moved farther North, which African group fought that expansion? Monarch who commissioned reporter Henry Stanley to obtain land in the Congo in his name. Human made waterway that cuts through the isthmus of suez and connects the red sea to the mediterranean. “Historiorgraphy of Europeans in Africa and Asia 1450-1800” Ashgate Variorum, vol. 293-313 Also in: “International Journal of African Historical Studies” Vol. false (european) Crimean War. E. J. Brill, 1991, Leiden, NL. – Theal, G. “The history of South Africa under the administration of the Dutch East India Company (1652 – 1795)” 459+462 pp. maps, 2 voll. Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1897, London, United Kingdom. Dutch Ceylon, Trincomalee: Bibliography. WIC (West-Indische Compagnie), Australia and the Dutch East India Company (VOC), India. Mid-year 2011 estimate: Total 50,586,757: African 40,206,275 (79,5%), White 4,565,825 (9,0%), Coloured 4,539,790 (9,0%) and Asian 1,274,867 (2,5%). The original colony and its successive states that the colony was incorporated into occupied much of modern South Africa. According to the Namibian census 2001 the Afrikaans language is the second language of Namibia (11% of the total population). Author and Copyright Marco Ramerini. The Cape settlement was built by them in 1652 as a re-supply point and way-station for United East India Company vessels on their way back and forth between the Netherlands and Batavia (Jakarta) in the Dutch East Indies. In South African contexts, "Boers" ( Afrikaans: Boere) refers to the descendants of the proto-Afrikaans-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th and much of the 19th century. – Elphick, R., and Hermann Giliomee “The Shaping of South African Society, 1652-1820” ? Some Boers migrated to other parts of the world, such as Patagonia in Argentina, where there is still an Afrikaans-speaking community. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, Arabia and Persian Gulf. RICHMOND, VA—The Dutch East India Company established a small settlement at what is now Cape Town in 1652. An illustrated social history (under Dutch and British rule) ? Of course, the argument is the colonial history and everything connected to it. Improving relations between Britain and Napoleonic France, and its vassal state the Batavian Republic, led the British to hand the Cape Colony over to the Batavian Republic in 1803, under the terms of the Treaty of Amiens. This was the original model of colonialism brought by the Dutch in 1652, and subsequently exported from the Western Cape to the Afrikaner Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek. By 1700, the traditional "Khoekhoe" lifestyle of pastoralism, which they had learnt from Bantu agriculturalists and pastoralists, had disappeared. VOC Cape Colony at its largest extent in 1795, Colonies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1962), Commanders and governors of the Cape Colony (1652–1806). 320 pp. The British occupied the Cape in 1795, ending the Dutch East India Company’s role in the region. After about 10 years most had prospered and had been able to take ownership of their lands. It has been theorised that "a number of non-professing Jews" were among the first settlers of Cape Town. Theal, London 1888, Precis of the Archives of the Cape of Good Hope, January 1652 - December 1658, Riebeeck's Journal, H.C.V. List of Portuguese colonial forts and possessions, The Portuguese in Bassein (Baçaim, Vasai): the ruins of a Portuguese town in India, The Spanish Presence in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore, Portuguese Empire: Africa, America and Asia maps, The Russians in America: Alaska and California, Flor de la Mar (Flor do Mar), 1511. Afrikaans is not only spoken by the White peoples of Dutch, Huguenot and German descent (about 60% of South Africa’s Whites), but also by the majority (about 90%) of the people of mixed descent (Coloureds). “Historiorgraphy of Europeans in Africa and Asia 1500-1800” Ashgate Variorum, vol. All rights reserved. However, most of the settlers remained in the colony under new leadership of the British. n° 29; Nizza da Silva, M. B. [2] The Cape came under VOC rule from 1652 to 1795 and again from 1803 to 1806. The emergence of Afrikaans reflects this diversity, from its roots as a Khoe-Dutch pidgin, to its subsequent creolisation and use as "Kitchen Dutch" by slaves and serfs of the colonials, and its later use in Cape Islam by them when it first became a written language that used the Arabic letters. with many illustrations. During the tenure of Simon van der Stel, the colony was elevated to the rank of a governorate, hence he was promoted to the position of "Governor of the Cape". n° 4; Disney, A. 5,983,426 are Afrikaans first language speakers in South Africa, 146,000 in Namibia and 20,000 in Botswana. n° 29, 1998; pp. 21, n° 3 1988, Boston, MA, USA, pp. Mid-year 2007 estimate: Total 47,850,700: African 38,079,900 (79,6%), White 4,352,100 (9,1%), Coloured 4,245,000 (8,9%) and Asian 1,173,700 (2,5%). 2,990 Views. Selwyn & Blount, 1903. One of these is a man whom van Riebeeck calls Herry. Boer ( / bʊər /) is Dutch and Afrikaans for "farmer". The settlers built houses, shops, taverns and offices and a new town grew. – Schutte, Gerrit “Between Amsterdam and Batavia: Cape society and the Calvinist church under the Dutch East India Company” ? Indian slaves from the Dutch colonies had been introduced into the Cape area of South Africa by the Dutch settlers in 1654. In total there are about 2,000 members in these congregations. The two smaller Reformed Churches are the Nederduitsche Hervormde Kerk and the Gereformeerde Kerk, which form part of the Afrikaans-language churches. In the 2001 census South Africa had 44,819,778 inhabitants of whom 35,416,166 were Bantus (Zulu, Sotho, Xhosa, Tswana, Tsonga, Swazi, Ndebele and others), 4,293,640 were Whites (mostly Boers and British), 3,994,505 were Coloureds (people of mixed descent mainly Whites and Hottentots, the latter also called Namas or Khoi Khois) and 1,115,467 were Asians (mostly Indians, a few Chinese). The first European settlers in South Africa were sponsored by the Dutch East India Company which controlled Netherlands trade between India and East Asia. The shipwreck victims built a small fort named "Sand Fort of the Cape of Good Hope". The first and largest wave of Dutch settlers in Brazil was between 1640 and 1656. A historical study of the role of theological concepts in the development of Afrikaner group identity during the period when South Africa was a Dutch colony. In 1797 their populations were:[7]. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, Ceylon (Sri Lanka). In 1652, the Dutch East India Company began the first permanent European settlement of South Africa under Jan van Riebeeck. It’s the majority language in Karas region (40%) and in Hardap region (44%); it’s the second language in Erongo region (22%) and in Khomas Region (24%); it’s the third language in Omaheke Region (12%). These areas were separated by the Amstel River (Liesbeek River). The only thing is that the article must be original and not previously published on other websites. Missionaries. The Boers, also known as Afrikaners, were the descendants of the original Dutch settlers of southern Africa. According to the South African Census 2001, Afrikaans is the majority language in Western Cape province (2,500,748 speakers) and Northern Cape province (559,189 speakers) it’s the second language in Eastern Cape province (600,057 speakers), in Free State province (323,082 speakers), in Gauteng province (1,269,176 speakers), in North West province (275,681 speakers); there is a large number of speakers also in the other provinces: Kwa-zulu Natal (140,833 speakers, 4th), Limpopo (122,531 speakers, 4th) and Mpumalanga (192,129 speakers, 5th). As the only permanent settlement of the Dutch United East India Company not serving as a trading post, it proved an ideal retirement place for employees of the company. By 1659 Dutch livestock was occupying some native summer grazing land, and Khoikhoi and Bushmen united against the Dutch. Sharpeville Massacre South African police shot non-violent protesters (protesting against pass laws) in Sharpeville township; 69 deaths (1960). List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, Asia. Author and Copyright Marco Ramerini. Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century, Indonesia. 152 pp. Dutch settlers of south africa fought against the british, british won. The Afrikaans Language Monument in Paarl. With Notices of the Other Denominations. The Afrikaaners/Afrikaners (Boers) have a rich mix of cultures in their blood: one estimate shows 40% Dutch, 40% German, 7.5% British (mainly Scots), 7.5% French and 5% others. Thus by 1672, the permanent indigenous residents living at the Cape had grown substantially. de Jong. With colonialism, which began in South Africa in 1652, came the Slavery and Forced Labour Model. English text revision by Dietrich Köster. The initial purpose of the settlement was … This evolved from Dutch but also contained Malay and Portuguese Creole words. There is also one congregation for Dutch-speaking people and four for Portuguese speakers. By the time of British rule after 1795, the sociopolitical foundations were firmly laid. Dutch Settlement 1652-1712 Meeting the indigenous people – 6th April, Van Riebeeck makes the acquaintance of two Khoikhoi who had come aboard the Dromedaris. After the war, the natives ceded the land to the settlers in 1660. n° 4, 1995; pp. As a result it was looked down on as a kombuistaal (kitchen language) by the wealthier settlers who spoke High Dutch. The name went to South Africa with the Dutch settlers in 1652. This web site was first on line on 3 October 1998 (at geocities.com as "Dutch Portuguese Colonial History"). Afrikaans variants are: Cape Afrikaans (West Cape Afrikaans), Orange River Afrikaans and East Cape Afrikaans. The greatest linguistic legacy of the Netherlands was in its colony in South Africa, which attracted large numbers of Dutch farmer (in Dutch, Boer) settlers, who spoke a simplified form of Dutch called Afrikaans, which is largely mutually intelligible with Dutch. 174-216 Also in: “The shaping of South African Society 1652-1840” 1986, Middelton, Connecticut, USA, pp. Afrikaans Creole languages are: Oorlams and Flaai Taal. Afrikaans is a language of Dutch origin and structure similar to Flemish; it’s also influenced by various African languages and by Portuguese, German, French and Malay. The peace between Britain and Napoleonic France had broken after one year, while Napoleon had been strengthening his influence on the Batavian Republic (which he would replace with a monarchy later that year). The WIC would soon become a powerful force itself, even founding the Dutch coloni… About 4,000,000 use Afrikaans as second or third language in South Africa. The two areas which were allocated to the freemen, for agricultural purposes, were named Groeneveld and Dutch Garden. [4] The Khoena ("People") were disgruntled by the disruption of their seasonal visit to the area for which purpose they grazed their cattle at the foot of Table Mountain only to find European settlers occupying and farming the land, leading to the first Khoi-Dutch War as part of a series of Khoekhoe-Dutch Wars. In: “Kronos, Journal of Cape History” n° 25, 1998/1999. In 1621, the Dutch government approved the charter of the Dutch West Indian Company (West-Indische Compagnie or WIC) with the goal of basically messing with Spanish and Portuguese trade routes. This group of first settlers … List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, Arabia and Persian Gulf. The Dutch language was taught at schools as the main medium for commercial purposes, with the result that the indigenous people and even the French settlers found themselves speaking Dutch more than their native languages. Afrikaans is not only spoken by the White peoples of Dutch, Huguenot and German descent (about 60% of South Africa’s Whites), but also by the majority (about 90%) of the people of mixed descent (Coloureds). From October 11, 1899, until May 31, 1902, the Second Boer War (also known as the South African War and the Anglo-Boer War) was fought in South Africa between the British and the Boers (Dutch settlers in southern Africa).The Boers had founded two independent South African republics (the Orange Free State and the South African Republic) and had a long history of distrust … List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, Africa. Today South Africa is an ethnically and culturally diverse country, where the descendants of the Dutch settlers form only a minority. People became carpenters, bricklayers, inn keepers, bankers, officials and blacksmiths. The History of Trincomalee (Sri Lanka) during Portuguese and Dutch rule, Trincomalee: The first British occupation and the definitive Dutch surrender, Trincomalee: The consolidation of the Dutch presence, Trincomalee: The new Dutch occupation and the reconstruction of the Fort, Trincomalee: The Dutch conquest and the abandonment of the Fort, Trincomalee: The arrival of the Danes, the Dutch and the construction of the Portuguese Fort, The History of Trincomalee during Portuguese and Dutch rule: Introduction, The Dutch Fort of Galle in Sri Lanka (Ceylon), The Fort of Malacca: Portuguese-Dutch Fortress of Malacca (Melaka), The abortive expedition of Don Juan de Silva against the Dutch in the East Indies (1612-1616), Recife Forts: Fort do Brum, Fort das Cinco Pontas, Recife: the capital of sugar cane of Colonial Brazil, Fort Orange (Oranje), Itamaracá: a Dutch fortress in Brazil, Dutch in Chile: Hendrick Brouwer’s expedition to Valdivia, Dutch New York: The Dutch settlements in North America, Dutch and Courlanders on Tobago. The VOC had a big impact on South Africa, but they weren't the only Dutch trading company. Between 1652 and 1691 a Commandment, and between 1691 and 1795 a Governorate of the United East India Company (VOC). Jan van Riebeeck Image source. Dutch Colonial Remains 16th-18th centuries, Oceania. List of Portuguese colonial forts and possessions, List of Danish colonial forts and possessions, The French in Brazil: Saint-Alexis, France Antarctique (Rio de Janeiro), Ipiapaba and Sao Luís do Maranhão, Russian presence in Hawaii. The first van der Merwes hail from the Merwede river. Dutch Colonial Remains 16th-18th centuries, America. There were also farmers outside the town. The more modern name for the white South Africans descended from Dutch settlers (earlier known as Boers). History of South Africa, 1484 - 1691, G.M. List of Dutch colonial forts and possessions, Sri Lanka (Ceylon). 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