Sarb Johal, from the Joint Centre Disaster Research Centre at Massey University, presented two linked papers that explored the long-term recovery processes for healthcare providers and the communities they serve in the aftermath of the earthquakes that occurred in 2010/11 in Christchurch – New Zealand’s second most populous city. As the corner of the site came closer, we could hear clapping. In total, the 'rehabilitation' costs $15.1 billion dollars worth of damage, Many businesses needed to fire employees due to the heavy re-building fee. Those who lost their lives in the quake have been honoured in a number of ways. This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. As I walked along, I began to hear bagpipes playing Amazing Grace. The memorial has a dual purpose: ‘paying respect to the 185 people who lost their lives’ and acknowledging ‘the shared trauma and huge support received with the recovery operation that followed’. The stairwell had collapsed immediately below the landing at the 14th floor. Christchurch earthquake: Effects and responses A sorting resource covering the effects of and responses to the Christchurch earthquake, New Zealand. This time it was often colleagues, classmates or complete strangers who comforted and helped each other during the initial eight-second jolt and the aftershocks that followed. I think – this will be the most difficult decision I have or will ever make in my life … walking away from the CTV site. Christchurch airport was … They have been remembered individually at private funerals and through floral tributes at significant sites; collectively in artworks such as Peter Majendie’s 185 Empty White Chairs; with two minutes of silence nationwide; and at public memorial and commemorative services. Earthquake-damaged homes stand at the edge of a cliff. [3]. [1], Most emergency services workers who wrote about the quake did not mention the aftershocks. The aftershocks were particularly dangerous for people who were trapped under debris or in buildings, and for those who were trying to rescue them. The eastern suburbs and areas around the Avon River were again hardest hit. Culture and Society By mid-morning [Monday 28th], Dr Collins had arranged for a couple of cellphones and had our Medical Centre number diverted to them. It seemed like just the shaking itself was physically painful, and the noise was incredible, deafening, like nothing I’ve heard or could compare it to.http://www.quakestories.govt.nz/100/story/. [8]. 29, no. 80% of the water and sewerage system was severely damaged. The sight of them, faded, ripped and broken in some places really got to me. Ambulance officers and patients were able to tell us snippets about collapsed buildings, fires, crushed cars and buses, etc. I had a television on the wall and could see outside. Naval personnel who were in Lyttelton at the time of the quake helped the community in a number of ways, dishing up 1000 meals and providing emergency accommodation on HMNZS Canterbury. People lost energy immediately. Do so here. A number of schools found they couldn’t follow the emergency procedures they had practised because many students were outside the classroom having lunch. Obituaries of the 185 people killed in the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, Martin van Beynen, Trapped: remarkable stories of survival from the 2011 Canterbury earthquake, Penguin, Auckland, 2012, G. Dellow et al., ‘Landslides caused by the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake and management of landslide risk in the immediate aftermath’, Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, vol. February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. I went inside to help with the more seriously injured. On Tuesday 22 February, 2011 at 12.51 pm the lives of hundreds of thousands of Cantabrians were changed forever. 5-37), PGC (vol. After the incredible noise, silence. Liquefaction – ‘a liquid mush’ of soft sand and silt which had wrecked building foundations, ruptured water and sewer pipes and shattered roads, footpaths and driveways in September – struck the city again. It was like some giant or maybe King Kong taking hold of the building and shaking it.http://www.quakestories.govt.nz/98/story/, The world seemed to pick up the building I was in and throw it around... http://www.quakestories.govt.nz/187/story/, We could hear the almighty rumble as other buildings collapsed, and dust was everywhere. In 2012, the Reserve Bank concluded that Canterbury’s economy had proved ‘reasonably resilient to the impact of the earthquakes’, and that ‘the spill over to other regions’ had been limited. A good example of liquefaction is, when you are at the beach and are standing near the shore, if you move your toes in the wet sand you will sink and a puddle forms around you. A group of family had been allowed in for the service and were standing on the corner applauding the rescuers as they walked by. Unfortunately for those waiting at the scene and elsewhere, no more survivors were found after the first 24 hours. The earthquake … 6, pp. [10] Lois E. Daly, Stories from Dallington: a year of quakes in a Christchurch suburb, Achilles Press, Christchurch, 2010, pp. About 6000 Christchurch businesses and 50,000 jobs were displaced after the Christchurch earthquake, with 58 percent of CBD businesses recording … Severe ground shaking caused older unreinforced brick and masonry buildings, many damaged in September 2010, to collapse in part or completely. I just didn’t like the feeling of the aftershocks. Some parents had more difficulty reaching their children. (A complete list of the deceased can be found on the New Zealand Police website.). 3 000 buildings in total were inspected, of that total 45% were deemed unsafe and were given a yellow or red sticker. Volunteers helped clear up the silt left behind from liquefaction. It makes extensive use of contributions to QuakeStories, a website established by the Ministry for Culture and Heritage in 2011. Results: Short-term increases in the use of anxiolytics and sedatives/hypnotics were observed after the most devastating February 2011 earthquake, but this effect was not sustained. 33-47). Secondary effects (things that happen after the primary effects but often as a result of them) Some economists have estimated it will take the New Zealand economy 50 to 100 years to completely recover. A number of groups assisted with this grim and difficult task at these buildings and elsewhere. Students are asked to colour code the primary and secondary effects and the immediate and long-term responses. [2] ‘Christchurch quake: search squads focus on rewards, not risks’, New Zealand Herald, 24 February 2011. Perhaps they felt as Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) squad leader Mike Carter did. A portaloo was dropped off in the car park, and we had a delivery of bottled water. After more words, the teams were dismissed to return to Latimer Square. 756-63, Stories of resilience and innovation in schools and early childhood services: Canterbury earthquakes 2010–2012 (June 2013)*: 19/06/2013, Education Review Office, 2013, Alastair Suren, The Brigade: earthquake 2011: a tribute to the Lyttelton Volunteer Fire Brigade, Lyttelton Volunteer Fire Brigade, Lyttelton, 2012, Hugh Trengrove, ‘Operation earthquake 2011: Christchurch earthquake disaster victim identification’, The Journal of Forensic Odonto-stomatology, 12/2011, vol. Though the government supplied money for those who were fired, businesses that needed re-building and injured employees. Clock stopped after February 2011 earthquake. I just packed my things up, came back and the ambulance was waiting for me. Then we made our way to one of the stairwells and set off for the ground. Both events caused further damage and disrupted the city’s recovery. A seriously injured patient would arrive every 5 to 10 minutes. Everyone was out on the streets and everyone asked the same question of each other – ‘Are you alright?’. On 22 February 2011, at 12:51 pm, Christchurch was struck by a magnitude 6.3 earthquake. The atmosphere was sombre and subdued. In our language we think language has some sort of spiritual power so I yelled my daughter’s name so it might reach my daughter who was 9000 km away. His daughter was among them: I drove home and I was shouting my daughter’s name. We walked down the road, to see the site slowly revealed. After the February 2011 earthquake, Auckland Council and the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management jointly reissued the resource as a DVD. The February quake was powerful enough that while classified as an aftershock of the September quake, it generated its own aftershocks, including a magnitude 5.8 at 1.04 p.m. and a magnitude 5.9 at 2.50 p.m. The earthquake struck the Canterbury region in New Zealand's South Island and was centred 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) south-east of the centre of Christchurch, New Zealand's second-most populous city. The Press inserted a notice for the colleague they had lost: A special friend and loyal member of our team, Loved and sorely missed by her friends and colleagues at The Press. It was lucky it was fine…, Over the weekend, a neighbour very generously gave us the loan of his generator, and the building was checked by an engineer and, once the glass roof was removed from above the main door, it was given the all clear…, The first days were difficult. Health workers in the city faced ‘substantial difficulties’ in caring for the injured. In exceptional cases it has taken years to identify all the victims of mass casualty events. There are 10 resuscitation bays and 10 monitored bays in our resuscitation area. The hospital disaster response plan was in full activation. In a blog written two days after the quake, Jennifer reflected on the likelihood she would know someone who had died: I’ve heard (either directly or indirectly) from all my close friends and most of my workmates now, so know they’re ok, but I also know the chances are, in a city of only half a million, that all of us will end up knowing someone who is a victim. The earthquake struck the city of Christchurch in New Zealand on 22 February 2011. However, the charred lift shaft remained, along with a quantity of slabs and other rubble. [4] 'Death in the classroom', Press, 10 September 2011, p. C1-5. [4]. The report of the Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission contains biographies of those who died as a result of the earthquake in the CTV (vol. The New Zealand Police provided bereaved families with a dedicated liaison officer able to answer questions and give support. This site is produced by the History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. The bus stopped at three points along the way (the sites of the PGC building, the CTV building and the cathedral) but at the other two I felt like it wasn’t right to take pictures. Further liquefaction followed the June and December 2011 aftershocks. The military helped police establish and maintain a cordon around the CBD and, in the following days, moved out to suburban areas to reassure the public. Others were injured during aftershocks or while cleaning up their properties. Paul Gee, an emergency department doctor at Christchurch Hospital, mentions some of these issues in his account of the immediate aftermath of the earthquake: When I arrived at the emergency department (ED), it was teeming with casualties from the central business district. Initially some hope was held for those trapped in the CTV and PGC buildings, and family members and friends gathered nearby, some buoyed by text messages sent by their loved ones after the quake or reports from those who’d escaped or been rescued from the buildings. Reception staff had to write all the patient details down as people arrived, find manual forms for things usually done electronically, and the nurses and doctors had to write notes and keep hand-written records for all procedures. Other difficulties were the loss of communication systems, the scarcity of care for people before they arrived at the hospital, difficulties in the registration and tracking of patients, frightened patients, and managing the media. In Stories from Dallington (a small suburb beside the Avon River badly affected by liquefaction), Bernice Hall, the practice manager at Gayhurst Medical Centre, describes how they ‘continued to operate under very difficult conditions’ thanks to their ‘team of very dedicated doctors and staff’. Not all comments posted. The 22 February 2011 earthquake caused 185 fatalities, injured 3,129 people, and 1,293 were injured in the aftermath. Though smaller than the first quake, and technically part of its aftershock sequence, the February earthquake was more destructive. Perhaps you have a related experience you would like to share? As we slowly went down the stairs between our 15th floor and the 14th floor, one of my colleagues remembered he had a torch in his pocket. As the earthquake struck at a busy time and at the town centre, a busy place more, damage and casualties happened then the previous 7.1 magnitude earthquake in 2010 than the 6.3 magnitude earthquake in 2011, more people were killed, a total 185 deaths and 2 000 to 5 000 injured, 164 serious injuries. It set the tone for most of the way I felt on the rest of the trip – a strange sense of coming home mixed with a feeling that said, ‘what the hell is this place? The tsunami created over 300,000 refugees in the Tōhoku region of Japan, and resulted in shortages of food, water, shelter, medicine and fuel for survivors. The region also lost a number of its distinctive natural features and landmarks. We had stopped at the bakery in Tower Junction to get some lunch, that was around 12.40 p.m. Once we got outside to sit down to eat it was about 12.50 p.m. Once 12.51 p.m. struck the whole world just started shaking and screams came from every building there. [9] http://www.healthychristchurch.org.nz/media/100697/allrightresearchsummary.pdf. 2,000 injured. One hundred and fifteen died in the CTV building, 18 in the PGC building, 36 in the central city (including eight on buses), and 12 in the suburbs. 4, December 2011, 'Review of the Civil Defence Emergency Management Response to the 22 February Christchurch Earthquake', Civil Defence, David Johnston et al., ‘The 2010/2011 Canterbury Earthquakes: context and cause of injury’, Natural Hazards, January 2014, Ian McLean et al., Review of the Civil Defence Emergency Management Response to the 22 February Christchurch Earthquake, June 2012: http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/publications/Review-CDEM-Response-22-February-Christchurch-Earthquake.pdf, Miles Parker and Daan Steenkamp, ‘The economic impact of the Canterbury earthquake’, Reserve Bank of New Zealand Bulletin, vol. A large aftershock on 13 June 2011 caused considerable damage, especially to sewerage infrastructure. We did not realise at the time how badly the stairwells had failed, but it was obvious that we could not get down.http://www.quakestories.govt.nz/183/story/. Disasters Apart from physical injuries, international literature suggests that psychosocial recovery after a disaster can take five to ten years. Becker, D.M. But by this time 59% ‘strongly agreed’ that they were ‘generally happy with their life right now’ and 67% ‘strongly agreed’ that they were ‘coping well with day to day things’. The aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami included both a humanitarian crisis and massive economic impacts. It was like I imagine the Blitz was like...http://www.quakestories.govt.nz/394/story/, The sound was awful, a loud noise like a huge aeroplane landing...http://www.quakestories.govt.nz/488/story/, The noise was so intense, like a train coming through the building.http://www.quakestories.govt.nz/446/story/, Within seconds I found myself huddled against the retaining wall in my back garden, listening to the sounds of walls collapsing, breaking glass and the ominous boom, boom, boom as huge boulders came bouncing down the hillsides around me. Potter, J.S. [5]. Most Cantabrians were away from their homes when the 6.3-magnitude earthquake struck at 12.51 p.m. on 22 February 2011. Earthquakes can affect us in various ways, such as death and injury, disease, disruption to services and amenities and general disruption of people's everyday lives. It was the sharpest, most violent kind of shaking; as though the house sat on some giant mechanism of limitless force that was snapping it back and forth, up and down, however it liked. Liquefaction is when water-saturated sediment temporarily loses it's strength and acts like a liquid. All had injuries from building collapses or falling masonry. There were many more.http://www.quakestories.govt.nz/255/story/, A national memorial service was held in North Hagley Park on 18 March 2011. A powerful 6.3-magnitude earthquake has struck the city of Christchurch on New Zealand's South Island, killing at least 65 people. [5] ‘Disaster Victim Identification teams in for the long haul’, NZ Police: http://www.police.govt.nz/news/release/27378, [6] The National Christchurch Memorial Service booklet: https://gg.govt.nz/image/tid/350, [7] Christchurch Central Development Unit, 'Canterbury Earthquake Memorial': https://ccdu.govt.nz/projects-and-precincts/canterbury-earthquake-memorial. What were the short-term effects of the 2011 Japan earthquake? (I guess he grabbed this from his office, and then forgot about it.) Even preschool children were familiar with a drill known as ‘the turtle’. At this time, the bulk of the debris had been removed. Although immediate outcomes of a disaster are often recorded in terms of mortality and injury or economic costs, the significance of the long term effects … [1] Martin van Beynen (ed. The remains of the four ‘unfound’ victims were interred at a special site in Avonhead Park Cemetery in February 2012. I remember holding someone’s hand and asking someone else to hold this person’s hand – and the next thing I recall is standing on the rubble of the CTV site – one of about 8 or 9 people who were helping to lead people down with various injuries from what appeared to be a hole at the top of the rubble…. Rossiter, ‘An overview of the impacts of the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes’, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015, Pete Seager and Deb Donnell, Responders: the New Zealand volunteer response teams, Christchurch earthquake deployments, Keswin Publishing, Christchurch, 2013, Janet K. Spittlehouse, Peter R. Joyce, Esther Vierck, Philip J. Schluter and John F. Pearson, ‘Ongoing adverse mental health impact of the earthquake sequence in Christchurch, New Zealand’, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol. Many thousands of people suffered minor injuries similar to those sustained in the September quake. The site was quite shocking to those like us, who had not seen it up close before. We had no formal information on the extent of damage or expected casualties. A burst water pipe had cracked through the surface of the basketball courts and water was seeping everywhere. 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