[1] Women are also recruited for specialized operations as well as in signal and medical companies. Independent formations of Tibetan (including Ladakhi, Bön, and Sikkimese) units were to patrol and police the lands they were native to. Special Frontier Force, what is Special Frontier Force, Vikas Battalion, India China border news, India China border row, Indian Express A special unit of Special Frontier Force from Uttarakhand have been deployed at Eastern Ladakh to gather reports pertaining to movements about Chinese People’s Liberation Army troop and subsequently thwart it. [19][23][24] In the meantime the Chinese not only kept testing not only nuclear weapons but also ballistic missiles at regular intervals. Women soldiers too form part of SFF units, and are given the same training as men. With war imminent, SFF successfully executed several mission plans that included the destruction of the Kaptai Dam and other bridges of strategic value. Likely ones are that the device rolled off the mountain and is now lodged at the bottom of the glacier. Marine Reacts to the Special Frontier Force (SFF). They also halted members of Pakistan's 97 Independent Brigade and 2 Commando Battalion at the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The initial strength was 5000 men, mostly Khampas who were recruited at its new Mountain Training Facility at Chakrata, 100 km from the city of Dehradun. SFF is a special force of India created on 14 November 1962. However, by the following year, the US had the first generation of TRW spy satellites in place and did not have to rely on the old ELINT devices. When another Kohli-led expedition returned the following year to recover the device, it was found to be missing. [19][20] The Lockheed U-2 overshot the runway and got stuck in slushy ground caused by heavy rain in the monsoon. For their bravery and courage, 580 SFF Task Force members were awarded cash prizes by the Union Government of India. Home / in focus / Watch: Why Special Frontier Force deployment at LAC rattled China Watch: Why Special Frontier Force deployment at LAC rattled China Sep 08, 2020 18:46 IST Heavy weapons were not provided. Express Explained is now on Telegram. [14], The SFF has a total of six battalions called 1 Vikas, 2 Vikas, 3 Vikas, 5 Vikas, 6 Vikas, and 7 Vikas. Strictly speaking, the SFF units are not part of the Army but function under its operational control. With the fall of Dhaka and Lieutenant General A.A.K. The Inspector General also urged that the SFF be used to capture the second largest city, Chittagong, but the idea was found not favourable to military planners in New Delhi since the unit lacked artillery or airlift support capabilities to conduct a mission of such magnitude. (Bootcamp and Military Fitness Institute) If this statement isn’t a giveaway, what is revealing is that in the report, Pandit notes that commandos from the Special Frontier Force (SFF) were involved in the operations. It was expected, but not enough details were known. [9][11] Uban also went on to command a Long Range Desert Group Squadron (LRDS) in North Africa during the war. On 16 October 1964 China did indeed test a nuclear weapon in Xinjiang. Throughout its history, SFF has fought in India's major external wars including the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Kargil War. A large number of them received bravery awards. [26][27] In another incident, an official statement by the Indian Army read: "Indian troops pre-empted this PLA activity on the southern bank of Pangong Tso, undertook measures to strengthen our positions and thwart Chinese intentions to unilaterally change facts on ground". “There is some debate over whether this secretive force has preserved its elite status as well as its original mandate.”(Rehman, 2017, p.118). But The Global Times, a reflection of China's positions on important issues, has lashed out at India for “playing with fire on the Tibet question”. Also in Explained | In India-China standoff in Ladakh, why Chushul is critical, © Provided by The Indian Express This gave all concerned quite a scare and it was decided to rely on other technical means. Getting it unstuck and out of India without being noticed by the Indian press, then even more subject to leftist influences and hence antagonistic to the USA, was another clandestine operation. There was renewed urgency to find out more. All about Special Frontier Force, the secretive Indian unit in news after Ladakh clash SFF, primarily drawn from Tibetan refugees, was formed in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 war with China. Special Frontier force work and duties: This force was formed to take control and manage the strategic height in the eastern Ladakh. SFF was raised in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 Sino-India war. It was envisaged that women working alongside men would be able to provide better camouflage. So Kohli and a SFF team were sent once again to bring it down; this time they retrieved it successfully. At the funeral of Nyima Tenzin in Leh. Click here to join our channel (@ieexplained) and stay updated with the latest. He wrote that India could commission the SFF troops because it was “was purely their creature” and “the US had no voice in the command of the SFF or how its troops were used… The Tibetan leadership at Dharamsala also had a passive role”. The gameplay and graphics of Special Force that fans loved for years is back to invade screens of internet cafes and in homes across the region. SFF is directly reports to the PMO (Prime Minister office). [1] At the helm of SFF is the Inspector General (SFF), an officer of Major General rank. During the 1950s, the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Indian Intelligence Bureau established Mustang Base in Mustang in Nepal,[7] which trained Tibetans in guerilla warfare. [14] After the 1980s, the practice of giving Indian Army commissions to Tibetans was discontinued. The first attempt to place this device on Nanda Devi, by a Kohli-led SFF team under the cover of a mountaineering expedition, failed as the team had to retreat in the face of adverse conditions and left the device in a small unmarked mountain cave after having hauled the device just short of the 25,645-foot peak. This is the first time that the SSF, a secretive force, has been so much in the public eye. This force is also called as Vikas Battalion. Each battalion has around 800 troopers. The SFF was raised by the Intelligence Bureau in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 China-India war. [28] During this activity, on 1 September 2020, company leader Nyima Tenzin of SFF died in a landmine blast when undertaking a reconnaissance mission along the line of actual control. ", "Latest India-China border clash turns spotlight on Tibetan refugees in Special Frontier Force", "Centre says it's ready to restore service pension of special force veterans", "India used US spy planes to map Chinese incursion in Sino-Indian war", "Nehru permitted CIA spy planes to use Indian air base", "Book Extract: Spies in the Himalayas By M.S. Space Force Vows to Defend the Final Frontier in New Recruiting Ad Image from a recruitment advertisement released Oct., 29, 2020 of a rocket with the Space Force … So SFF mountaineers went off on one more mission in December 1969 to successfully place a gas-powered device on an undisclosed mountain, supposedly in Chinese-controlled areas. SPECIAL FORCE ONLINE is a premier classic first-person shooter online game. Not officially. In the past, each battalion, consisting of six companies, was commanded by a Tibetan who had a rank equivalent to a lieutenant colonel in the Indian Army. [14] The US government pulled out the CIA from the training program as relations with India soured in the early 1970s during the period of Cold War, with the Sino-Soviet split and Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China for improving the bilateral relationship. The Special Frontier Force (also known as the Vikas battalion), in fact comes under the Cabinet Secretariat which directly reports to the Indian Prime Minister. SSF units have their own rank structures, of equivalent status with Army ranks. Later in November 1964, the CIA launched a U2 flight out of Aviation Research Centre (ARC)'s Charbatia Air Base in Orissa, but its return turned out to be something of a mishap. Ethnic Tibetans have been a part and parcel of the modern Indian Army for as long as it has existed. BJP leader Ram Madhav at cremation of Nyima Tenzin of Special Frontier Force. What is the Special Frontier Force (SFF)? Does India dare to openly recognize ‘Tibet secessionism’ and deny that Tibet is an inalienable part of China? On the night of 14 November 1971 in the forests of Chittagong Hill Tracts, Brigadier Dhondup Gyatotsang was killed by the elite Special Service Group of the Pakistan Army. This was Operation Eagle. The SFF comprising of, among others, Tibetan exiles, is not an army unit. The air-operations were handled by ARC at Balasore. It has also acted in internal security, including taking part in Operation Blue Star and serving as the "Personal Force" of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to suppress opposition parties during the state of emergency from 1975 to 1977. [1] The six battalions are commanded by Indian Army officers of colonel rank. There are several other operations that … The SFF's weapons were all provided by the USA and consisted mainly of M-1, M-2 and M-3 sub-machine guns. However, former CIA officer John Kennet Knaus, who worked extensively in Tibet, wrote in Orphans of the Cold War: America and the Tibetan Struggle for Survival that while the SFF had “Washington’s full endorsement”, it was B N Mullik, chief of India’s Intelligence Bureau, who created the SFF “on his own”. [2], Based in Chakrata,[4] Uttarakhand, the force was put under the direct supervision of the Intelligence Bureau (IB), and later the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), India's external intelligence agency[5], and is not part of the Indian Army but functions under their operational control with its own rank structure, charter and training infrastructure. [1], Ethnically, the unit is a mixture of Tibetans and Gurkhas from Nepal. This mission was successful but a couple of years later another problem cropped up: snow would pile up over the antenna and render it blind. [14], SFF was raised with covert operations in mind, mainly along the Indo-China border; however, SFF has been fielded by the RAW and the Indian government in various covert and overt operation theatres.[14]. On November 14, the elite Special Frontier Force (SFF) will turn 58. Chushi Gangdruk leaders were contacted for recruitment of Khampas into this new unit. Starting in late October and November 1971, elements of the force were sent to Mizoram. What Pakistan has done against 26/11 perpetrators: EU parliamentarians ask Imran Khan While several SFF soldiers have been killed in earlier operations, Ram Madhav's presence at Nyima Tenzin's funeral on Monday marks the first time a politician has attended such an event. The Special Frontier Force (SFF) is an Indian special force created on 14 November 1962.It is formed with the Tibetan refugees lived in India. 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But A Tom Grunfeld, history professor at the State University of New York, wrote in a paper in 2000 that the Indian government had created a “Tibetan military force called the Special Frontier Force with US support” and “eventually 12,000 Tibetans were trained by US Special Forces (Green Berets) and partly funded by the US to operate from bases along the Kashmir frontier where they crossed the border into Tibet planting electronic listening devices”. More imaginative theories speculate that the supposedly indestructible nuclear power pack with a highly toxic, "Ladakh intrusions: Special Frontier Force takes first casualties", "Special Frontier Force: More of a white elephant than an effective intelligence outfit? To prove the SFF's worth, the Inspector General sent 120 men from the SFF on a field exercise, codenamed Garuda, with the Army. [18] Tibetans currently serve as soldiers and non-commissioned officers and were in the past given officer commissions. Explore the world from a unique perspective as you team up with other G-Force agents … The covert outfit recruited Tibetan exiles (now it has a mixture of Tibetans and Gorkhas) and was initially named Establishment 22 (Major Gen Sujan Singh Uban, an Artillery officer who raised the group, named it after the 22 Mountain Regiment he commanded). An SFF Task Force of around 3000 members was deployed to conduct pre-emptive strike in support of the Indian Army formations along the Chittagong Hill Tracts and to train the local underground unit called Mujib Bahini.[30]. Its main goal originally was to conduct covert operations behind Chinese lines in the event of another Sino-Indian War. [16] The Tibetan troopers are recruited from the dwindling population of Tibetans in India, which stood at 85,000 in 2018. [15] The unit conducted limited cross-border reconnaissance missions as well as highly classified joint operations with the CIA in 1965 on Mount Nanda Devi in the Himalayas. There have been reports that a Special Frontier Force (SFF) unit, referred to as Vikas Battalion, has been instrumental in occupying some key heights on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China in Ladakh to thwart any occupation by the Chinese troops.. What is the Special Frontier Force (SFF)? Another mission was launched in 1967 to place a similar device on the Nanda Kot. Social media is abuzz about the Special Frontier Force (SFF) or Vikas Battalion which played an important role in occupying some heights in the recent clashes along the LAC with China. About: Special Frontier Force (SFF). By late 1963, inter-service rivalry led to severe criticism by the Indian Army. The incident took place between Black Top and Thakung Heights at Pangong Tso’s south bank where India thwarted China incursion. Many SFF members were also absorbed from the Gurkha Rifles. They played a vital role in preventing the escape of Pakistan Army personnel from Bangladesh into Burma. This operation saw the first Dapon, the Tibetan equivalent of a Brigadier, in command of part of the SFF Task Force. Special Frontier Force has been involved in several covert operations including the 1971 war, Operation Blue Star in Golden Temple Amritsar, Kargil conflict, and in counter-insurgency operations in the country. Kohli and Kenneth Conboy", "CIA Put Nuclear Spy Devices in Himalayas", "The pitfalls and promise of a US-India partnership driven by China", "India-China standoff: Indian Army captures Pangong North Finger 4 in Ladakh", "India uses commandos from covert Special Frontier Force to stop Chinese misadventure - Misadventure thwarted", "China Says "Taking Countermeasures" As India Foils Ladakh Move: 10 Points", "1971 War: How the US tried to corner India", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special_Frontier_Force&oldid=996643821, Non-military counter-terrorist organizations, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 21:07. It is commonly believed that the SFF was raised by India in coordination with US intelligence agencies. (Twitter). On the ground, it is headed by an Inspector General who is an Army officer of the rank of Major General. It is often referred to as the most mysterious and secretive unit of the Indian Defense Forces. This confrontation was called the Great Game. It has been a part of many important ops, from 1971 war to Kargil. The Special Frontier Force also known as Vikas Regiment aka Establishment 22 is India’s Elite Special forces unit which mainly focuses its operations against the Chinese Action.The Special Frontier Force is not a part of Indian Army but they function under the operational control of Army. The exercise proved to be a dramatic success for the SFF and the Army was now less inclined to criticise the force. It falls under the authority of the Directorate General on Security in the Cabinet Secretariat headed by an Inspector General (SFF) who is selected from the Major General rank of the Indian Army and who reports directly to the Prime Minister's Office.[6]. There are several overt and covert operations in which SFF units have taken part over the years, including Operation Blue Star in Golden Temple Amritsar, the Kargil conflict, and counter-insurgency operations. ", "Establishment-22 draws its strength from Karnataka", "DNA Special: How India's Special Frontier Force is nightmare for China", "On The Roof Of The World, The Shadow Of The Celestial Snow Lion", "Special Frontier Force: India's secret weapon against PLA", "The Special Frontier Force: Tibetan refugees, once trained with US help", "Special Frontier Force: why is a covert group under the spotlight now? We know about India’s Raw, America’s CIA. The Mustang rebels brought the 14th Dalai Lama to India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion. Many of us don’t know about this Secret Elite Unit called the Special Frontier Force. How to recognize the warning signs, New Year 2021 Celebrations: What are your plans? Why in News? They were airdropped behind enemy lines to destroy lines of communication. Special Frontier Force, what is Special Frontier Force, Vikas Battalion, India China border news, India China border row, Indian Express [12] The SFF made its home base at Chakrata, which was home to a large Tibetan refugee population and is a mountain town in the foothills of the Himalayas. Recounting the toughness of the Special Frontier Force commandos, Captain Manmohan Singh Kohli said, “The SFF men were real tough… Once, when we were building a helipad a large rock had to be removed. Barry Bishop, a photographer with the magazine, interested General Curtis LeMay of the US Air Force in the idea.[21][22]. The operation, in the garb of a mountaineering expedition to Nanda Devi, involved celebrated Indian climber M S Kohli who, along with operatives of SFF and CIA (most notably Jim Rhyne, a veteran STOL pilot), was to emplace a permanent ELINT device, a transceiver powered by a plutonium battery, that could detect and report data on future nuclear tests carried out by China. 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Another SFF soldier was injured. [32] The SFF Task Force was able to block a potential escape route for East Pakistani forces into Burma. [25], During the 2020 China–India skirmishes, SFF were reported to have conducted operations in Ladakh, including the capture of heights near Pangong Tso. [33], There are many theories about what happened. Amrita Nayak … He was accorded the Shaurya Chakra for gallantry by the President of India for this achievement. The toughness of the Special Frontier Force commandos. 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In 1971, the SFF operated in the Chittagong hill tracts to neutralise Pakistan Army positions and help the Indian Army advance. The Tibetans were given mortars and recoilless rifles and two Mil Mi-4 helicopters of the Indian Air Force, and captured several villages in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. It needed seven men to lift — even six wouldn’t do. In 1964 intelligence reports kept indicating that China was preparing to test a nuclear weapon at its Lop Nor nuclear installation in Xinjiang. Independent formations of Tibetan (including Ladakhi, Bön, Sikkimese and now Gurkha) units were to patrol and police the lands they were native to. [1] Historically, by the late 1960s, the SFF was organised into six battalions for administrative purposes. 22 or Special Frontier Force represents a military alliance/pact between the United States, India, and Tibet to confront the military threat posed by the Communist Red Dragon’s occupation of Tibet since 1950. At least five other Indian Army officers are in a battalion. Starting with a force of 5,000 men, the SFF commenced six months of training in rock climbing and guerrilla warfare. In Disney's G-Force the video game, by using each G-Force character's unique talents and gadgets, players can speed through areas, fly to high altitudes or even slow down time. In October 1967 the Chinese began testing an ICBM capable of reaching targets 6000 miles away. During the time of the Great Game, the British Indian Army began to employ Tibetans as spies, intelligence agents, and even covert militia in northern India and Tibet proper. As the force was envisaged as one that would work behind enemy lines, all SFF soldiers are trained parachutists. Initially, the para training takes place at Sarsawa near Saharanpur, where the Aviation Research Centre, R&AW's covert air wing, has a base. In 1962, the Kennedy administration worked with India f… Published by Playpark Inc. in partnership with Dragonfly in Southeast Asia. Knaus wrote in his book that in November 1971, India ordered “approximately 3,000 men of the Special Frontier Force into action in the Chittagong Hill Tracts to aid the East Pakistani insurgents fighting for the independence of what was to become Bangladesh”. This is why the spotlight on the SFF in the recent Ladakh operation is unprecedented. The snow lion insignia of the Special Frontier Force (SFF). The Special Frontier Force is a covert outfit that was raised by the Intelligence Bureau in the aftermath of the 1962 Sino-India war. The Special Group, or 4 Vikas, functions under a separate chain of command under the RAW. 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