Penn returned home for the extraordinary splendor of the King's restoration ceremony and was a guest of honor alongside his father, who received a highly unusual royal salute for his services to the Crown. From then on, Penn's religious views effectively exiled him from English society; he was sent down (expelled) from Christ Church, a college at Oxford University, for being a Quaker, and was arrested several times. The first two children died in infancy. [122], In 1712 Berkeley Codd, Esq. The Admiral had great hopes that his son then had the practical sense and the ambition necessary to succeed as an aristocrat. ", "Home - Penn Wood Primary and Nursery School", Lesson Plan: William Penn's Peaceable Kingdom, William Penn, America's First Great Champion for Liberty and Peace, Penn's Holy Experiment: The Seed of a Nation, "Pennsylvania's Anarchist Experiment: 1681–1690,", Some Fruits of Solitude In Reflections And Maxims, The Rise and Progress of the People Called Quakers by William Penn (1905 ed. William Kidd is one of the most famous pirates in history, remembered for his execution for piracy on the Indian Ocean. Penn’s father was a “royalist” who staunchly supported King Charles I. Swelling with pride, he had his portrait painted wearing a suit of armor, his most authentic likeness. Penn had plenty of time to spend with his family and still attend to affairs of state, though delegations and official visitors were frequent. Chigwell School, the school he attended, has named one of their four houses after him and now owns several letters and documents which boasts his handwriting. [8], After a failed mission to the Caribbean, Admiral Penn and his family were exiled to his lands in Ireland. See answer melodyymillares is waiting for your help. The city and the colony was a success. [72] A minor split developed in the Quaker community between those who favored Penn's analytical formulations and those who preferred Fox's simple precepts. Mrs. Ford took her case to court. [75] In 1677 a group of prominent Quakers that included Penn purchased the colonial province of West Jersey (half of the current state of New Jersey). At age 62, Penn landed in debtors' prison; however, a rush of sympathy reduced Penn's punishment to house arrest, and Bridget Ford was finally denied her claim to Pennsylvania. In addition, Thomas Jefferson and the founding Fathers adapted Penn's theory of an amendable constitution and his vision that "all Persons are equal under God" informing the federal government following the American Revolution. Penn was a writer, early member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and founder of the English North American colony the Province of Pennsylvania. In II. (part one written by Penn; Part two by George Whitehead, 1673). God's communication came to each individual directly, and if so moved, the individual shared his revelations, thoughts or opinions with the group. [19] Penn learned the valuable skills of forming ideas into theory, discussing theory through reasoned debate, and testing the theories in the real world. In 1669,[49] Penn traveled to Ireland to deal with many of his father's estates. [112] Despite the protests of fundamentalists and farmers, Penn's insistence that Quaker grammar schools be open to all citizens was producing a relatively educated workforce. This resulted in a "curse" which lasted from that year on until 2008 when a small statue of William Penn was put on top of the newly built Comcast Center. To avoid conflict, he withdrew from the fray and became a reclusive scholar. "[59][60], Given writing materials in the hope that he would put on paper his retraction, Penn wrote another inflammatory treatise, No Cross, No Crown: A Discourse Shewing The Nature and Discipline of the Holy Cross of Christ and that the Denial of Self, and Daily Hearing of Christ's Cross, is the Alone Way to Rest and Kingdom of God. Parts., (1674). In March 1987, the completion of One Liberty Place was the first building to do that. The democratic principles that he set forth served as an inspiration for the United States Constitution. As the most prominent, prosperous and influential settlement in the new colony, New Castle, the original Swedish colony town became the capital. Penn became the proprietor of the land in America and named it Pennsylvania, or "Penn's Woods" after his father. His writings have influenced countless writers and artists through the ages. When Penn was born in 1644, his homeland was in the midst of England’s Civil War. Dunn, Mary Maples, Dunn, Richard S., Bronner, Edwin, and Fraser, David. His wife as sole executor became the de facto proprietor until she died in 1726. hen Charles the Second was King of England, there lived in London a wealthy admiral of the British navy, Sir William Penn. Sir William Penn (23 April 1621 – 16 September 1670) was an English admiral and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1670. He believed each person had to seek God in his or her own way. [6] Admiral Penn served in the Commonwealth Navy during the English Civil War and was rewarded by Oliver Cromwell with estates in Ireland. The democratic principles that he set forth in the Pennsylvania Frame of Government served as an inspiration for the members of the convention framing the new Constitution of the United States in Philadelphia in 1787. [110], Penn received a hearty welcome upon his arrival and found his province much changed in the intervening 18 years. Sometime later, the institution was renamed the William Penn Charter School. By the 1670s, Penn had become a figure of importance in the Quaker community. George Fox himself had made a journey to America to verify the potential of further expansion of the early Quaker settlements. [118] Now he could not even pay his son's debts. Following his conversion to the Society of Friends, Penn began to fight for greater freedom for this marginalized and frequently persecuted religious group. [17] Also at this time, Penn was developing his individuality and philosophy of life. . Outspoken and eloquent, he preached religious tolerance and advanced Quakerism in Europe. The other children were: After Penn's death, Pennsylvania slowly drifted away from a colony founded by religion to a secular state dominated by commerce. [22] Penn's mother made peace in the family, which allowed her son to return home but she quickly concluded that both her social standing and her husband's career were being threatened by their son's behavior. Penn was a close friend of George Fox, the founder of the Quakers. In 1696, Penn married his second wife, Hannah Callowhill, with whom he had seven children (his first wife had died in 1694). Penn found all these tenets to sit well with his conscience and his heart. It was during this period, when Penn was about fifteen, that he met Thomas Loe, a Quaker missionary, who was maligned by both Catholics and Protestants. A group of Quakers arranged for Ford to receive payment for back rents and Penn was released. He had made many generous loans which he failed to press. [2] On this occasion, the colonists pledged allegiance to Penn as their new proprietor, and the first Pennsylvania General Assembly was held. Penn bravely declared, "My prison shall be my grave before I will budge a jot: for I owe my conscience to no mortal man. 2016, www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/22/story-of-cities-7-philadelphia-grid-pennsylvania-william-penn-america-urban-dream. He is therefore considered the first thinker to suggest the creation of a European Parliament and what would become the modern European Union in the late 20th century. [109] Accompanied by his wife Hannah, daughter Letitia and secretary James Logan, Penn sailed from the Isle of Wight on the Canterbury, reaching Philadelphia in December 1699. Penn's Land-Grant Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 by William Penn. It would call for death for only two crimes, treason and murder, rather than the two hundred crimes under English law, and all cases were to be tried before a jury. The student body was a volatile mix of swashbuckling Cavaliers (aristocratic Anglicans), sober Puritans, and nonconforming Quakers. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. William Penn (1669–1670) My Irish Journal, edited by. William Penn was an influential English Quaker and founder of the colony of Pennsylvania in 1682. Over twenty drafts, Penn laboured to create his "Framework of Government". "[30] The Admiral returned triumphantly but London was in the grip of the plague of 1665. ico_print. The Quakers obeyed their "inner light", which they believed to come directly from God, refused to bow or take off their hats to any man, and refused to take up arms. William Penn Was Born October 14, 1644 How did Pennsylvania get its name? The new king resolved the border dispute in Penn's favor. [90] Eventually he attracted other persecuted minorities including Huguenots, Mennonites, Amish, Catholics, Lutherans, and Jews from England, France, Holland, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Ireland, and Wales. ‘’Encyclopedia of American Biography (1974) p. 847. In 1675, he was asked to resolve a land dispute between Quaker property owners in the American colony of West New Jersey. In 1684 Penn returned to England to see his family and to try to resolve a territorial dispute with Lord Baltimore. He liked their beliefs … William Penn was born in London on Oct. 14, 1644, the son of Adm. William Penn and Margaret Jasper. [20] The Admiral, despairing of the charges, pulled young Penn away from Oxford, hoping to distract him from the heretical influences of the university. Among the most famous of these events was the trial following his 1670 arrest with William Mead. Philadelphia was planned out to be grid-like with its streets and be very easy to navigate, unlike London where Penn was from. William Blake was a 19th-century writer and artist who is regarded as a seminal figure of the Romantic Age. William Penn Biography. [129], On 28 November 1984 Ronald Reagan, by Presidential Proclamation 5284 (authorized by an Act of Congress), declared William Penn and his second wife, Hannah Callowhill Penn, each to be an Honorary Citizen of the United States.[130]. “Story of Cities #7: Philadelphia Grid Marks Birth of America's Urban Dream.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 22 Mar. In lieu of the sum, William Penn was granted land in the colony of England that constitutes present day Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Voltaire praised Pennsylvania as the only government in the world that responds to the people and is respectful of minority rights. Philadelphia was pl… Young Aristocrat. A child was given to musing, occasionally feeling the divine presence."[18]. Penn faced serious problems in the colonies due to his sloppy business practices. When theologian John Owen was fired from his deanery, Penn and other open-minded students rallied to his side and attended seminars at the dean's house, where intellectual discussions covered the gamut of new thought. William Penn was generally known as the Quaker leader who founded Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania also became home for many Lutheran refugees from Catholic provinces (e.g., Salzburg), as well as for German Catholics who had also been discriminated against in their home country. Penn rebelled against enforced worship and was expelled. [74], Seeing conditions deteriorating, Penn decided to appeal directly to the King and the Duke. William Penn spent a total of 4 years in America! What Penn's camera leaves out is always as important as what it includes. Penn invented the exotic fashion shoot. [92] The new government would have two houses, safeguard the rights of private property and free enterprise, and impose taxes fairly. The official charge was publication without a licence but the real crime was blasphemy, as signed in a warrant by King Charles II. [121] In desperation, Penn tried to sell Pennsylvania to the Crown before Bridget Ford got wind of his plan, but by insisting that the Crown uphold the civil liberties that had been achieved, he could not strike a deal. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. With warfare with the Dutch imminent, young Penn decided to shadow his father at work and join him at sea. William Wallace, a Scottish knight, became a central early figure in the wars to secure Scottish freedom from the English, becoming one of his country's greatest national heroes. William McKinley is best known for being president when the United States acquired Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. "[97] Penn hoped that an amendable constitution would accommodate dissent and new ideas and also allow meaningful societal change without resorting to violent uprisings or revolution. Loe was admitted to the Penn household and during his discourses on the "Inner Light", young Penn recalled later that "the Lord visited me and gave me divine Impressions of Himself. [76] That same year, two hundred settlers from the towns of Chorleywood and Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire and other towns in nearby Buckinghamshire arrived, and founded the town of Burlington. Penn's Letter to the Free Society of Traders (1683) was an account of his early activities in Pennsylvania. In 1681 Penn and 11 other Quakers bought the proprietary rights to … Its founder, English reformer William Penn, born on October 14, 1644, in London, England, named it in honor of his father. These earlier colonists had no historical allegiance to a "Pennsylvania", so they almost immediately began petitioning for their own representative assembly. Penn's first of many pamphlets, Truth Exalted: To Princes, Priests, and People (1668), was a criticism of all religious groups, except Quakers, which he perceived as the only true Christian group living at that time in England. William Penn was an English Quaker best known for founding the colony of Pennsylvania as a place for religious freedom in America. [25] The undogmatic Christian humanist talked of a tolerant, adapting view of religion which appealed to Penn, who later stated, "I never had any other religion in my life than what I felt. Because of his father's high position and social status, young Penn was firmly a Cavalier but his sympathies lay with the persecuted Quakers. [124] During his second attempt to sell Pennsylvania back to the Crown in 1712, Penn suffered a stroke. To attract settlers in large numbers, he wrote a glowing prospectus, considered honest and well-researched for the time, promising religious freedom as well as material advantage, which he marketed throughout Europe in various languages. William Penn (14 October 1644 – 30 July 1718) was the son of the admiral and politician Sir William Penn. He was a land investor and a philosopher who promoted the ideals of religious tolerance. His trial on a trumped-up charge of inciting a riot in 1670 resulted in a landmark ruling which established jury independence in … During the late seventeenth century, when Protestants persecuted Catholics, Catholics persecuted Protestants, and both persecuted Quakers and Jews, Penn established an American sanctuary which protected freedom of conscience. His father not only feared for his own position but that his son seemed bent on a dangerous confrontation with the Crown. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed. Many of Penn's legal and political innovations took root, however, as did the Quaker school in Philadelphia for which Penn issued two charters (1689 and 1701). The old man had gained respect for his son's integrity and courage and told him, "Let nothing in this world tempt you to wrong your conscience. Founding and governorship of Pennsylvania Penn had meanwhile become involved in American colonization as a trustee for Edward Byllynge, one of the two Quaker proprietors of West New Jersey. As a pacifist Quaker, Penn considered the problems of war and peace deeply. He wrote that the scourge "gave me a deep sense of the vanity of this World, of the Irreligiousness of the Religions in it. [27], Upon returning to England after two years abroad, he presented to his parents a mature, sophisticated, well-mannered, "modish" gentleman, though Samuel Pepys noted young Penn's "vanity of the French". Gale Research, 1998. Dunn, Mary Maples, and Richard S. Dunn et al., eds. He had sunk over £30,000 in America and received little back except for some bartered goods. [41] In the end, young Penn was more determined than ever, and the Admiral felt he had no option but to order his son out of the house and to withhold his inheritance.[42]. When installed in 1894, the statue represented the highest point in the city, as City Hall was then the tallest building in Philadelphia. When he returned to England in 1664, he briefly studied law. [111] His tree plantings were providing the green urban spaces he had envisioned. The lands were seized from Irish Catholics in retaliation for the failed Irish Rebellion of 1641. His campaign website includes Booker’s biography and a way to sign up to support him or donate. After settling the dispute, using his legal knowledge and leadership skills, he was chosen to organize the founding of a Quaker colony in America. He found that he was not in sympathy with either his father's martial view of the world or his mother's society-oriented sensibilities, "I had no relations that inclined to so solitary and spiritual way; I was a child alone. The Bishop of London ordered that Penn be held indefinitely until he publicly recanted his written statements. They had eight children in twelve years. 23 years later in 1704, they achieved their goal when the three southernmost counties of provincial Pennsylvania along the western coast of the Delaware, were permitted to split off and become the new semi-autonomous colony of Lower Delaware. In addition to Penn's extensive political and religious treatises, he wrote nearly 1,000 maxims, full of wise observations about human nature and morality. [120] Penn sent William to America to manage affairs, but he proved just as unreliable as he had been in England. Back at Oxford, Penn considered a medical career and took some dissecting classes. Penn’s achievements were far greater than just the founding of a colony. [87], Besides achieving his religious goals, Penn had hoped that Pennsylvania would be a profitable venture for himself and his family. The land of Pennsylvania had belonged to the Duke of York, who acquiesced, but he retained New York and the area around New Castle and the Eastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula. Penn was depicted in the 1941 film Penn of Pennsylvania by Clifford Evans. [54] Later, he stated that what he really denied were the Catholic interpretations of this theological topic, and the use of unbiblical concepts to explain it. Despite heavy pressure from Howel to convict Penn, the jury returned a verdict of "not guilty". Penn petitioned King Charles II for additional land to the west of the Delaware River, and he received a charter for this territory in 1681. Before all that, he was born into a wealthy English family … He was the son of Admiral Sir William Penn and joined the Society of Friends (Quakers) in the 1660s. ), An Essay towards the Present and Future Peace of Europe by the Establishment of a European Dyet, Parliament or Estates, Friends Committee on National Legislation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Penn&oldid=994678829, History of Christianity in the United States, Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees, People from the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Letitia (1678–1746), who married William Awbrey (Aubrey), Margaret Penn (1704/05–1750), married Thomas Freame (1701/02-1746) nephew of. William Penn (1644-1718) was famous as a Quaker and the leader of the Pennsylvania Colony. He also lambasted all "false prophets, tithemongers, and opposers of perfection". Perhaps the most radical move William Penn made was complete religious tolerance in Pennsylvania. In Philadelphia, Francis Daniel Pastorius negotiated the purchase of 15,000 acres (61 km2) from his friend William Penn, the proprietor of the colony, and laid out the settlement of Germantown. Biography of William Penn. Penn was a true democrat and he respected the feelings of the Native Americans and after obtaining legal claims from them, he formed a state of his own. For his role in restoring the monarchy, Admiral Penn was knighted and gained a powerful position as Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty. The new government's discouragement of religious dissent gave the Cavaliers the license to harass the minority groups. Dunn, Richard S. and Mary Maples Dunn, eds. He also wrote "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.". He created a Constitution and a set of laws. Thomas More is known for his 1516 book 'Utopia' and for his untimely death in 1535, after refusing to acknowledge King Henry VIII as head of the Church of England. [43][44] Following Oliver Cromwell's death, however, the Crown was re-established and the King responded with harassment and persecution of all religions and sects other than Anglicanism. An Essay Towards the Present and Future Peace of Europe, William Penn, the Englishman who invented the European Parliament, Encyclopaedia Londinensis, or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature, A Defence of the Christian doctrines of the Society of Friends: being a reply to the charge of denying the three that bear record in heaven, "1670: The Jury Earns Its Independence (Bushel's case)", "William Penn (English Quaker leader and colonist)", Proclamation of Honorary US Citizenship for William and Hannah Penn, "If it walks like William Penn, talks like William Penn and looks like William Penn . Therefore, Quakers were treated as heretics because of their principles and their failure to pay tithes. The Friends' School, Hobart has named one of their seven six-year classes after him. This helped with the freedom of religion we have now. [107] Penn offered some assistance to James II's campaign to regulate the parliamentary constituencies by sending a letter to a friend in Huntingdon asking him to identify men who could be trusted to support the king's campaign for liberty of conscience.[108]. A bronze statue of William Penn by Alexander Milne Calder stands atop Philadelphia's City Hall. Accomplishments . Penn became a close friend of George Fox, the founder of the Quakers, whose movement started in the 1650s during the tumult of the Cromwellian revolution. [17] Though undetermined at the time, the Admiral had great hopes for his son's career under the favor of the King. To his dismay, he found Bridewell and Newgate prisons filled with Quakers. [132][133], In 1946 the logo was changed into a head-and-shoulders portrait of the smiling Quaker Man. I pray God... that you come home secure. "[45] By abolishing the church's authority over the congregation, Fox not only extended the Protestant Reformation more radically, but he helped extend the most important principle of modern political history – the rights of the individual – upon which modern democracies were later founded. Penn died in Ruscombe, in the county of Berkshire, England, on July 30, 1718. This work was remarkable for its historical analysis and citation of 68 authors whose quotations and commentary he had committed to memory and was able to summon without any reference material at hand. Their only American child, John, had been born and was thriving. Urban designer Edmund Bacon was known to have said that no gentleman would build taller than the "brim of Billy Penn's hat". With intelligent, serious eyes an We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website.By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. [55][56][57] Penn expressly confessed he believed in the Holy Three as well as in the divinity of Christ. [39] His father's hopes that Penn's charisma and intelligence would win him favor at the court were crushed. As one of the earlier supporters of colonial unification, Penn wrote and urged for a union of all the English colonies in what was to become the United States of America. He remembered too well the court battles and prison sentences he had served in England. William Penn was born in London, England, on October 14, 1644. As with the plague, the Penn family was spared. William Penn Biography 966 Words | 4 Pages. Penn Mutual, a life insurance company established in 1847, also bears his name. These were times of turmoil, just afte… There are many places to visit in Philadelphia that are deeply connected to Penn’s legacy. [73] But the persecution of Quakers had accelerated and the differences were overridden; Penn again resumed missionary work in Holland and Germany. He was jailed for blasphemy in the Tower of London as a result of this publication. [103] This led to an eighty-year legal dispute between the two families. [113] Quakers were especially modern in their treatment of mental illness, decriminalizing insanity and turning away from punishment and confinement. He also wrote a comprehensive, detailed explanation of Quakerism along with a testimony to the character of George Fox, in his introduction to the autobiographical Journal of George Fox. Penn stayed close to home but continued writing his tracts, espousing religious tolerance and railing against discriminatory laws. [77] In 1682 East Jersey was also purchased by Quakers. He found a new religion called the Society of Friends, or the "Quakers." But he urged his father not to pay his fine and free him, "I entreat thee not to purchase my liberty." [29] Penn functioned as an emissary between his father and the King, then returned to his law studies. When new threats by France again put Penn's charter in jeopardy, Penn decided to return to England with his family, in 1701. [83] On 4 March 1681, the King signed the charter and the following day Penn jubilantly wrote, "It is a clear and just thing, and my God who has given it to me through many difficulties, will, I believe, bless and make it the seed of a nation. [40] Though enraged, the Admiral tried his best to reason with his son but to no avail. In 1682, William Penn and around one hundred Quaker settlers arrived in Pennsylvania. Many Quakers pledged to release their slaves upon their death, including Penn, and some sold their slaves to non-Quakers.[116]. The Admiral was severely distressed by his son's actions and took the conversion as a personal affront. One such paper turned out to be a deed transferring ownership of Pennsylvania to Ford who then demanded a rent beyond Penn's ability to pay. So at age 18, young Penn was sent to Paris to get him out of view, improve his manners, and expose him to another culture. He slowly lost his memory. A chance re-meeting with Thomas Loe confirmed Penn's rising attraction to Quakerism. After he sent letters to several landowners in Maryland advising the recipients that they were probably in Pennsylvania and not to pay any more taxes to Lord Baltimore, trouble arose between the two proprietors. However, Penn's Quaker government was not viewed favorably by the previous Dutch, Swedish colonists, and also earlier English settlers in what is now Delaware, but claimed for half a century by the neighboring Province of Maryland's proprietor family, the Calverts and Lord Baltimore. He had young Penn enroll in law school but soon his studies were interrupted. [61] Penn petitioned for an audience with the King, which was denied but which led to negotiations on his behalf by one of the royal chaplains. His wife assisted him in his proprietorship of Pennsylvania in his later years, especially after he suffered a stroke in 1712. His own finances were in turmoil. The Penns lived comfortably at Pennsbury Manor and had all intentions of living out their lives there. [37] Soon Penn was arrested for attending Quaker meetings. Penn's "Frame of Government" and his other ideas were later studied by Benjamin Franklin as well as the pamphleteer of the American Revolution, Thomas Paine, whose father was a Quaker. Penn was issued a land grant by King Charles II largely because of a significant debt owed to his father, Admiral Penn. Ford capitalized on Penn's habit of signing papers without reading them. [123] Penn had grown weary of the politicking back in Pennsylvania and the restlessness with his governance, but Logan implored him not to forsake his colony, for fear that Pennsylvania might fall into the hands of an opportunist who would undo all the good that had been accomplished. The Quaker Oats Company's website currently claims their logo is not a depiction of William Penn.[134]. Ahead of his time, Penn also submitted a written plan for a United States of Europe. The William Penn Society of Whittier College has existed since 1934 as a society on the college campus of Whittier College and continues to this day. Penn traveled to Ireland to manage some of his father's property, and it was there that he came into contact with Quaker preachers who inspired him to join their faith. [89] Though thoroughly oppressed, getting Quakers to leave England and make the dangerous journey to the New World was his first commercial challenge. Pennsylvania was growing rapidly and now had nearly 18,100 inhabitants and Philadelphia over 3,000. Intellectual discourse led to an established relationship of goodwill between the two families arrested further. Home secure Quaker and the law education heavily leaned on the suffering and deaths... 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