[147][148] Also largely destroyed was Rikuzentakata, where the tsunami was three stories high. Watts, Jonathan, "Quake survivors search for hope and shelter". Hence, earthquakes in this area with magnitudes of about 7 since 1926 had only released part of the accumulated energy. Narita and Haneda Airport both briefly suspended operations after the quake, but suffered little damage and reopened within 24 hours. Also, observed data from tidal meters that were located off the coast were not fully reflected in the second warning. [401], 2011 magnitude 9.0 - 9.1 earthquake off the coast of Japan, "2011 Miyagi earthquake" redirects here. The strong ground motion registered at the maximum of 7 on the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale in Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture. The tsunami height that had been initially predicted by the tsunami warning system was lower than the actual tsunami height; this error contributed to the delayed escape of some residents. The surface energy of the seismic waves from the earthquake was calculated to be 1.9×1017 joules,[84] which is nearly double that of the 9.1 Mw 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that killed 230,000 people. 'ye aittir. [205], In Japan, the National Police Agency has confirmed 15,899 deaths,[206] 6,157 injured,[207] and 2,529 people missing[208] across twenty prefectures. [189], Along the Pacific Coast of Mexico and South America, tsunami surges were reported, but in most places caused little or no damage. [194][195] There was a great deal of damage to buildings on the islands and one man was injured but there were no reported fatalities. [286][287] It was extinguished after ten days, injuring six people, and destroying storage tanks. Early estimates placed insured losses from the earthquake alone at US$14.5 to $34.6 billion. The map and text below show the following details : a) the observed Seismic Intensity (1 and above) and its location and region, b) the date and time of the earthquake, and c) its epicenter and magnitude. [300], A report by the IAEA in 2012 found that the Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant, the closest nuclear plant to the epicenter of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, had remained largely undamaged. [379] Other nationwide Japanese and international TV networks also broadcast uninterrupted coverage of the disaster. [321] As late as July 2013 slightly elevated levels of radioactivity were found in beef on sale at Tokyo markets. Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant lost three of its four external power lines and temporarily lost cooling function in its spent fuel pools for "20 to 80 minutes". The temblor also shortened the length of a day by about a microsecond. [372] Information on the condition of collections held by museums, libraries and archives is still incomplete. [288] Others halted production due to safety checks and power loss. [369][370][371] In Tokyo, there was damage to Koishikawa Kōrakuen, Rikugien, Hamarikyū Onshi Teien, and the walls of Edo Castle. [300], The number 2 reactor at Tōkai Nuclear Power Plant was shut down automatically. [105][106][107], Four days later on 11 April, another magnitude 7.1 Mw aftershock struck Fukushima, causing additional damage and killing a total of three people. It was swiftly followed by five powerful aftershocks of up to 7.1 magnitude. The seismic events shown took place on that same day, between 01h41 and 23h59 (GMT). The loss of electrical power halted cooling systems, causing heat to build up. [158] Near Ōarai, people captured images of a huge whirlpool that had been generated by the tsunami. [313], Radioactive iodine was detected in the tap water in Fukushima, Tochigi, Gunma, Tokyo, Chiba, Saitama, and Niigata, and radioactive caesium in the tap water in Fukushima, Tochigi and Gunma. The Survey team had several GPS monitors located near the scene of the earthquake. [289][290] The damaged buildings included 29,500 structures in Miyagi Prefecture, 12,500 in Iwate Prefecture and 2,400 in Fukushima Prefecture. Tohoku earthquake: a surprise? The 1964 Alaskan earthquake was a megathrust earthquake that began⦠[194][196], After a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high surge hit Chile, it was reported that the reflection from those surges traveled back across the Pacific, causing a 30–60 cm (12–24 in) surge in Japan, 47–48 hours after the earthquake, according to observation from multiple tide stations [ja], including in Onahama, Owase, and Kushimoto. [114], One minute before the earthquake was felt in Tokyo, the Earthquake Early Warning system, which includes more than 1,000 seismometers in Japan, sent out warnings of impending strong shaking to millions. the centers of the coseismic and afterslip areas of the Tohoku earthquake offshore of Miyagi prefecture, while they overlap the coseismic and afterslip areas of the Tohoku earthquake off Fukushima prefecture. The Japanese government had tracked plate movements since 1976 in preparation for the so-called Tokai earthquake, predicted to take place in that region. [384], According to Jake Adelstein, most Japanese media accepted and parroted the misinformation put out by the Japanese government and TEPCO about the unfolding Fukushima nuclear crisis. [182][183], In the Philippines, waves up to 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) high hit the eastern seaboard of the country. [175][176] Russia evacuated 11,000 residents from coastal areas of the Kuril Islands. Most of these deaths occurred during the first six months after the earthquake and the number dropped thereafter, but as time has passed, the number has continued to increase. [302] As the nuclear crisis entered a second month, experts said that Fukushima Daiichi, while not the worst nuclear accident ever, was the most complicated. [393][394], The quake gave scientists the opportunity to collect a large amount of data to model the seismic events that took place in great detail. [100] In Antarctica, the seismic waves from the earthquake were reported to have caused the Whillans Ice Stream to slip by about 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in). The volcano had previously erupted in January 2011; it is not known if the later eruption was linked to the earthquake. [178][179] In California and Oregon, up to 2.4 m-high (7.9 ft) tsunami waves hit some areas, damaging docks and harbors and causing over US$10 million in damage. [139] Wakabayashi Ward in Sendai was also particularly hard hit. [203], Scientists say that the subsidence is permanent. JMA also implemented a simpler empirical method to integrate, into a tsunami warning, data from GPS tidal meters as well as from undersea water pressure meters, and there are plans to install more of these meters and to develop further technology to utilize data observed by them. [362][363][364] 12 of the aircraft were scrapped, while the remaining 6 were slated for repair at a cost of 80 billion yen ($1 billion), exceeding the original cost of the aircraft. For the aftershock that occurred on 7 April, see, In the early days after the earthquake some other names were proposed and used. 9th of March 2011. [324] The plant was shut down as a precaution. Video footage of the towns that were worst affected shows little more than piles of rubble, with almost no parts of any structures left standing. [337] Twenty thousand stranded visitors spent the night of 11–12 March inside Tokyo Disneyland. "[386], Nine days after the earthquake hit, a visualization and sonification were uploaded to YouTube allowing listeners to hear the earthquake as it unfolded in time. 3. Seismologists anticipated a very large quake would strike in the same place as the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake — in the Sagami Trough, southwest of Tokyo. According to the JMA Meteorological Research Institute [ja], reasons for the underestimation include a saturated magnitude scale when using maximum amplitude as input, failure to fully take into account the area of the hypocenter, and the initial amplitude of the earthquake being less than that which would be predicted by an empirical relationship. [112], As of 11 March 2016[update] there had been 869 aftershocks of 5.0 Mw or greater, 118 of 6.0 Mw or greater, and 9 over 7.0 Mw as reported by the Japanese Meteorological Agency. The committee advised that future policy should be to protect against the highest possible tsunami. [50], A report by the National Police Agency of Japan on 10 September 2018 listed 121,778 buildings as "total collapsed", with a further 280,926 buildings "half collapsed", and another 699,180 buildings "partially damaged". March 11, 2011 - At 2:46 p.m., a 9.1 magnitude earthquake takes place 231 miles northeast of Tokyo at a depth of 15.2 miles. Kyodo News, "Deaths, people missing set to top 1,600: Edano". [184] Authorities in Wewak, East Sepik, Papua New Guinea evacuated 100 patients from the city's Boram Hospital before it was hit by the waves, causing an estimated US$4 million in damage. [296] Higashidōri, also on the northeast coast, was already shut down for a periodic inspection. [387], Also, following the earthquake, for the first time in Japanese history, the Emperor addressed the nation in a pre-recorded television broadcast.[388][389]. [376], In April 2015, authorities off the coast of Oregon discovered debris that is thought to be from a boat destroyed during the tsunami. [247] Three hundred hospitals with 20 beds or more in Tōhoku were damaged by the disaster, with 11 being completely destroyed. The early 1700s were a busy time seismically. [395] Gravimetric data from the quake have been used to create a model for increased warning time compared to seismic models, as gravity fields travel faster than seismic waves. [123][124][125] Chile's Pacific coast, one of the furthest from Japan at about 17,000 kilometres (11,000 mi) away, was struck by waves 2 metres (6.6 ft) high,[126][127][128] compared with an estimated wave height of 38.9 metres (128 ft) at Omoe peninsula, Miyako city, Japan. The only comparable period was the year after the 2011 magnitude-9.0 Tohoku earthquake, which transferred a large and sudden pulse of stress to the Kanto region (Ishibe et al., 2011; Toda and Stein, 2013). [267] Several nuclear and conventional power plants went offline after the earthquake, reducing the Tokyo Electric Power Company's (TEPCO) total capacity by 21 GW. NHK BS News reported 2011-04-03-02:55 JST, One estimate of 10–15 minutes came from German seismologist Rainer Kind of the, Another estimate of 15–30 minutes came from Vasily V. Titov, director of the. Öncüoğlu Sitesi A/Blok No:1 So far, the largest aftershock has had a magnitude 7.1. The reservoir at one concrete gravity dam suffered a small non-serious slope failure. The epicentre was located some 80 miles (130 km) east of the city of Sendai, Miyagi prefecture, and the focus occurred at a depth of 18.6 miles (about 30 ⦠[285] Workers were evacuated,[291] but tsunami warnings hindered efforts to extinguish the fire until 14 March, when officials planned to do so. Approximately 30 homes or buildings were destroyed and 1,046 other buildings were damaged to varying degrees. [335] In the hours after the earthquake, some train services were resumed. It could take months or years to learn how damaging the release of dangerous isotopes has been to human health and food supplies, and to the surrounding countryside. [36][141], Like the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the damage by surging water, though much more localized, was far more deadly and destructive than the actual quake. The source area of this earthquake has a relatively high coupling coefficient surrounded by areas of relatively low coupling coefficients in the west, north, and south. [375], The aftermath of the twin disasters also left Japan's coastal cities and towns with nearly 25 million tons of debris. [383] Television broadcasts of the press conferences of Prime Minister Naoto Kan and Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano included simultaneous JSL interpreters standing next to the Japanese flag on the same platform. [260][261][262] Reportedly, some locals had attempted to repair leaks in the dam before it completely failed. The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant cooling system was damaged, raising fears of a meltdown. [236] Governments and the military were forced to bury many bodies in hastily dug mass graves with rudimentary or no rites, although relatives of the deceased were promised that they would be cremated later. Location The hazard occurred in Tohoku, japan. [77][78] Analysis showed that this earthquake consisted of a set of three events. [9] A man who is said to have been attempting to photograph the oncoming tsunami at the mouth of the Klamath River, south of Crescent City, California, was swept out to sea. Stone monuments at the UNESCO World Heritage Site: Shrines and Temples of Nikkō were toppled. The TÅhoku earthquake (9.1 magnitude) hit Japan on March 11, 2011 for a duration of 5 minutes, and was followed by a tsunami which claimed the life of close to 16.000 people. [94] The axial shift was caused by the redistribution of mass on the Earth's surface, which changed the planet's moment of inertia. [295], The Fukushima Daiichi, Fukushima Daini, Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant and Tōkai nuclear power stations, consisting of a total eleven reactors, were automatically shut down following the earthquake. ", Liquefaction driving away Chiba residents, Tokyo Disneyland's parking lot shows the risk of reclaimed land, "Japan Earthquake May Have Shifted Earth's Axis", "Magnitude 7.1 – NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN", "Fresh quake triggers tsunami warning in Japan", "Four dead as new tremor hits Japan disaster zone", "At least 6 killed in new Japan earthquake", "USGS 10-degree Map Centered at 35°N,140°E of earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or over", "Aftershocks Associated With Impaired Health Caused by the Great East Japan Disaster Among Youth Across Japan: A National Cross-Sectional Survey Interact J Med Res 2013;2(2):e31", "Alert sounded a minute before the tremor struck", 経験則からのずれ ―はじめの数秒と強震動：τc, Pd，スペクトル，簡易震源域推定方法―, "Earthquake Early Warning and Tsunami Warning of JMA for the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake", "Tsunami warnings issued for at least 20 countries after quake", "Distance between Dichato, Chile and Sendai, Japan is 17228km", "Chile Lifts Tsunami Alerts After Japan Quake Spawns Waves", "Chilean site: (Tsunami) waves penetrated 70–100 m in different parts of the country", "Tsunami Information (Estimated Tsunami arrival time and Height)", Helmholtz Research Centre for Geosciences, Japan's tsunami victims only had 15 minutes warning, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Japan tsunami: Toll could rise to more than 1,300, "News: Tsunami rolls through Pacific, Sendai Airport under water, Tokyo Narita closed, Pacific region airports endangered", "10-meter tsunami observed in area near Sendai in Miyagi Pref", "Japan 8.9-magnitude earthquake sparks massive tsunami", "Earthquake, tsunami wreak havoc in Japan", Tsunami hit more than 100 designated evacuation sites, "9,500 unaccounted for in Miyagi's Minamisanriku: local gov't", "東北地方太平洋沖地震を教訓とした地震・津波対策に関する専門調査会中間とりまとめ", U.S. rescue teams find devastation in northern city of Ofunato, "Whole towns gone-no cars or people seen", "Honderden doden in Japanse kuststad (Hundreds dead in Japanese coastal town)" (in Dutch), "Japan army says 300–400 bodies found in Rikuzentakata: Report", Miyagi coastal whaling port pulverized, little more than memory, 'Nothing can prepare you to witness this', Tsunami Slams Japan After Record Earthquake, Killing Hundreds, "Japan disaster: 30 powerful images of the earthquake and tsunami", Survivors on cut-off isle were ready for disaster, Tsunami Information NUMBER 64 (Tsunami Observation), "Tsunami Information NUMBER 64(Tsunami Observations)", "Executive Summary of Urgent Field Survey of Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku Earthquake", "Researchers: 30-meter tsunami in Ofunato", "38-meter-high tsunami triggered by 11 March quake: survey", Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, "東北地方太平洋沖地震による津波被害を踏まえた津波警報の改善の方向性について（最終とりまとめ）", "Evacuate all coastal areas immediately, Hawaii Civil Defense says", "Text of PTWC Pacific-wide tsunami warning", "Tsunami from Japanese quake prompts evacuation of 11,000 residents on Russia's Pacific islands", "Tsunami Warning and Advisory No. , 1 second of animation = 1 hour in real time cellular communication was jammed across much of,... 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