The story of the rise of David in the second half of 1 Samuel prepares for the full-scale kingship of David in 2 Samuel. 1. Only God’s grace allows sinful human beings to be in relationship with the holy God. God bless Chuck, God bless Insight For Living. and ended in 1010. 2 Samuel … Samuel didn’t write the whole book. The Birth of Samuel. What is impossible for humans is possible for God. "Then came the messengers to Gibeah of Saul, and told the tidings in the ears of the people: and all … God raises up David to be king of Israel (1 Sa 16–20). The purpose of 1 Samuel is to highlight two major events: the establishment of the monarchy in Israel (chs. Sandwiched between these narratives is a rollicking account of the journeys of the ark of the covenant as it is captured by the Philistines and eventually makes its way back to the Israelites. 2 Day to day pours out speech, and night to night reveals knowledge. Its three main characters, Samuel the prophet, Saul, and David are among the most powerful people in the Bible, yet their lives were scarred by far-reaching mistakes. 1 Samuel Written Leader Guide - 1 Samuel- God's Search for a Man After His Own Heart (8 lessons) - From judges to kings, from the departure of God's glory to the assurance of His help, from inquiring of the Lord to inquiring of a medium - this book of contrasts sets before us the importance of a life of obedience and how it's lived out in the midst of interpersonal conflicts. The kingdom of Saul was also transitional. Will we obey Him as Samuel and David did and live lives marked by blessing? I am a pastor in Kenya. Reversal of human fortune: Hannah’s barrenness gave way to children (1 Samuel 1:1–28; 2:21); Samuel became prophet instead of Eli’s sons (2:12; 3:13); Saul rose to prominence though he was from a lowly tribe; and David was anointed king though he was the youngest son (16:1–13). David then reigned until 971. All rights reserved.Site by Ascendio, Insight's Old Testament Handbook: A Practical Look at Each Book, Insight's Handbook of Old Testament Backgrounds: Key Customs from Each Book, Genesis—Esther, God's Masterwork, Volume 2: The Story of God's People—A Survey of Joshua–Esther, View Chuck Swindoll's chart of First Samuel. Because the book contains no reference to the Assyrian invasion in 722 BC, it likely originated before the period of the exile. The author or authors of 1 and 2 Samuel are not known. First Samuel is set in the land of Israel, where the Hebrews invaded and settled (see Joshua). Learning Goal: Students will learn that God’s light is seen in the lives of people who obey Him. Many of the most important lessons in 1 Samuel become clear when we compare Saul’s life with David’s life: (1) The life of Saul. David thus becomes the prototype of the future Messiah, Jesus Christ. 1 Sam. The events continue long after the death of Samuel (1 Samuel 25:1). Most conservative scholars believe the book was written sometime either during King Solomon’s reign (around 950 B.C.) He is the prophet God uses to anoint both Saul and David. It opens with Samuel’s birth and then describes his role as judge over Israel. Under Saul, Israel was more than a loose confederation that gathered together whenever there was a common threat, but there was no strong central rule such as existed later. The book of 1 Samuel focuses on three characters: Samuel, Saul, and David. God pledges to David an eternal covenant. The book of 2 Samuel recounts David’s reign over Israel and his battles to establish Israel as the dominant power in Syria and Palestine. … More books related to 1 Samuel. The Old Testament book of 1 Samuel is a record of triumph and tragedy. . If you need help, consult a Bible dictionary or similar reference work. Samuel’s role as God’s representative in this period of Israel’s history is close to that of Moses (see Ps 99:6; Jer 15:1) since he, more than any other person, provided for covenant continuity in the transition from the rule of the judges to that of the monarchy. Normal human patterns were reversed by God so that His plan could be furthered, showing His sovereignty over all. Originally there was only one book of Samuel. The reference to the kings of Judah in 1 Samuel 27:6 could First Samuel focuses on the establishment of that monarchy. Much of 1 Samuel follows David’s exploits as a young musician, shepherd, and warrior. Samuel is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the period of the biblical judges to the institution of a kingdom under Saul, and again in the transition from Saul to David.He is venerated as a prophet by Jews, Christians, and Muslims. David then reigned until 971. or perhaps after the kingdom divided in 931 B.C. God is still sovereign in the twenty-first century. We know that Samuel wrote a book (1 Samuel 10:25), and it is very possible that he wrote part of this book as well. It is written by the last of the Judges for which the book is named, Samuel. The book of 1 Samuel establishes the principle that obedience to the word of God is the necessary condition for a king to be acceptable to the God of Israel. These are but a few examples. Quick outline of 1 Samuel. The division into two books began with the Septuagint translation. Title. A Psalm of David. 15–16), though Saul stayed on the throne until his death at Mount Gilboa (ch. 1 Samuel 1:10-11. 8–12); and the rise of David to be king after Saul (chs. (that is, 1000 years before the birth of Christ). When the people ask for a king, the Lord instructs Samuel to anoint Saul as Israel’s first king. Believers can only wait on God, who will do his will according to his own purpose. While tradition holds that Samuel wrote the book, it is unlikely. Israel demands a king: Saul (1 Sa 8–15). “To obey is better than sacrifice,” Samuel told Saul (1 Samuel 15:22). And this man went up out of his city yearly to worship and to sacrifice unto the LORD of hosts in … They lived about 1000 B.C. These books recount the stories of Samuel, Saul, and David. This summary of the book of 2 Samuel provides information about the title, author(s), date of writing, chronology, theme, theology, outline, a brief overview, and the chapters of the Book of 2 Samuel. Therefore, obedience to God’s word is of prime importance. The work comes to the reader as an anonymous writing, i.e., the human author speaks for the Lord … During the period that the Books of 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel deal with, the prophets were Samuel, Nathan and Gad (1 Chronicles 29:29). Remember that the two books of Samuel were originally a single book. Kingship: As the divine King, God designated a human vice-regent, David, to rule over His people. A poem near the start of the book reveals the book's key themes: God’s opposition to the proud, exultation of the humble, faithfulness in spite of evil, and the promise of a messianic king. Though named after its main character, the prophet Samuel, the book does not claim an author. The Law of the Lord Is Perfect To the choirmaster. Some Bibles still preserve the old denomination; for example, the Douay-Rheims Bible. Several themes feature prominently. I also receive Insight [for Today] daily. That truth still speaks to us today. The Rise and Fall of Saul. Date of Writing: Originally, the books of 1 and 2 Samuel were one book. 2 He had two wives; one was called Hannah and the other Peninnah. © 2020 Insight for Living Ministries. The events that happen in 1 Samuel took place over a period of about 110 years, stretching from the closing days of the judges, when Samuel was born (ca. Before the Flood — After the Flood — . Thought the written records of these 3 prophets could have been used for information (in the writing of 1 and 2 Samuel), the human author of these books is unknown. First and Second Samuel deal with a transitional period in the history of ancient Israel. I. Samuel (1 Samuel 1:1-7:17) First Samuel begins with the rise of Samuel the prophet and the fall of the house of Eli the priest. Learning Activity: Re-enact the scene of God calling Samuel. These books recount the stories of Samuel, Saul, and David. He used Hannah’s contentious relationship with Peninnah (1 Samuel 1:1–28), led Saul to Samuel during Saul’s search for lost donkeys (9:1–27), and caused David to learn of Goliath while taking food to his brothers (17:1–58). Summary of the Book of 2 Samuel. Discover more resources related to First Samuel. Author: The book itself does not name its author. Tradition records Samuel as the primary author, but not the only one. What it is now commonly known as 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel are called by the Vulgate, in imitation of the Septuagint, 1 Kings and 2 Kings, respectively. Numerous other peoples continued to dwell alongside Israel, often disrupting the peace and encouraging the Israelites to stray from their faith. 1 There was a certain man from Ramathaim, a Zuphite [] from the hill country of Ephraim, whose name was Elkanah son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite. Again, Jewish tradition says that Samuel wrote them; but that seems very unlikely since his death is recorded in the books as well as events which took place long after his death… It was in 1517 that use of the division we know today, used by Protestant Bibles and adopted by Catholics, began. There is a transition of leadership first from the priest Eli to the judge Samuel, then from the judge Samuel to the king Saul, and then from Saul to David. The prophets, Nathan and Gad, finish 1 Samuel and Second Samuel. God raises up Samuel as prophet and judge (1 Sa 1–7). Together, 1 and 2 Samuel form one book in the Hebrew Bible. The book of Samuel which is divided into two books in Christian bibles for convenience but they are actually one book. Books of Samuel, two Old Testament books that, along with Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, and 1 and 2 Kings, belong to the tradition of Deuteronomic history first committed to writing about 550 bc, during the Babylonian Exile.The two books, which were originally one, are principally concerned with the origin and early history of the monarchy of ancient Israel. After ruling for a while, Saul was rejected by the Lord in favor of David (chs. In the first two chapters of 1 Samuel, we are invited on Hannah’s roller-coaster ride of … By the end of his reign, David controlled all of Israel, Edom, Moab, Ammon, Syria, and Zobah. Nevertheless, there is also evidence that the books of Samuel were written after the death of Solomon (cf. The Greek translation of the Bible, the Septuagint, was the first version to divide the material into two parts. This should encourage believers to put their faith in the one who is sovereign over the entire creation. That is our opinion; other people may have different opinions. Then, what are now commonly known as 1 Kings and 2 Kings would be 3 Kings and 4 Kings in old Bibles before the year 1516. https://www.insight.org/resources/bible/the-historical-books/second-samuel Please contact us or click here to learn more about how to enable JavaScript on your browser. Second, when were the events of 1 Samuel actually written in the historical narrative we know today? This summary of the book of 1 Samuel provides information about the title, author(s), date of writing, chronology, theme, theology, outline, a brief overview, and the chapters of the Book of 1 Samuel. The book of 1 Samuel is set in Israel during the transition between the period of the judges and the period of the monarchy. They traded the turmoil of life under the judges for the stability of a strong central monarchy. We witness his underdog victory over Goliath (17:1–58), his deep friendship with Jonathan (18:1–4), and his growing military prowess (18:5–30). 16–31). The Books of 1 and 2 Samuel were originally written as a single book, the Book of Samuel, part of what is now known as the Deuteronomic History, during the seventh-century-BCE reign of King Josiah. Sign up to receive e-mail from Insight for Living Ministries. From this we can conclude that the book came together sometime after the death of David (971 BC) and perhaps even after the death of Solomon (931 BC). Traditionally, Samuel played some role in writing the narrative … I use Pastor Chuck Swindoll's books a lot: Moses, David, Joseph, Esther, Hand Me Another Brick. I use all as my study material. Memorize the following 15 periods of Bible history. View Chuck Swindoll's chart of First Samuel, which divides the book into major sections and highlights themes and key verses. The central theme of the books of Samuel is how the Lord (1) established a dynasty (“house”) in Israel for David rather than Saul and (2) how he chose Jerusalem as the place where David’s successor would establish the temple (“house”) for the worship of the divine King Yahweh. Saul, the first king, though “head and shoulders above the rest” did not have a righteous heart, and his line was destined never to inherit the crown (9:1–15:35). When the Masoretic texts were compared with Septuagint, it paints a strange picture of some effort made by some scribes who wants to portray the book of Samuel as historically old by removing all historical references for events after king David in Masoretic. Or will we, like Saul, try to live on our own terms? As was the case with the books of Judges, we do not know the author of the books of Samuel. It was likely completed by both Samuel and other godly leaders of Israel who served through the end of book's events. This history validates David’s house as the legitimate rulers of Israel. First Samuel 27:6 refers to the divided monarchy, when the ten tribes of Israel rebelled against the two tribes of Judah, which occurred after Solomon’s reign. Other possible contributors to 1 Samuel are the prophets/historians Nathan and Gad (1 Chronicles 29:29). It was written at about 930 B.C. Saul’s reign began between 1050–1030 b.c. I pray that I could absorb all that, live it and teach it. Why the Book of 1 Samuel is important. He may have written part of the book, but someone else would have had to finish a good portion of the book. Only the God-given way of approaching him through sacrifice can prepare humans to come closer to God. He waited patiently for the throne, often pursued and driven into hiding by Saul. Other kingdoms, such as Tyre and Hamath, established treaties with him. Saul’s reign began between 1050–1030 b.c. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had none. 3 There is no speech, nor are there words, And Hannah prayed and said, “My heart exults in the Lord; my horn is exalted in the Lord; my mouth derides my enemies, because I rejoice in your salvation.” 1 Samuel 2:1. They each wrote about the events that happened during their own lives. But as was true in the lives of Samuel, Saul, and David, our response to God’s call affects our outcome. List at least one event that occurred during each period. Your browser does not support JavaScript. In this critical period of Israel’s history, the people of God transformed from a loosely affiliated group of tribes into a unified nation under a form of government headed by a king. Please note, our website requires JavaScript to be supported. The Greek translation of the Bible, the Septuagint, was the first version to divide the material into two parts. Later, in 2 Samuel 7, God promises David and his house an eternal dynasty. . The book concludes with Saul’s death (31:1–13), which serves as a natural dividing marker between 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel. Providence: God repeatedly made everyday events work for His purposes. The books were probably written soon after the end of his reign. Page #5 Workbook on 1 Samuel Assignments on 1 Samuel 1 Read 1 Samuel 1, then answer the following questions. Psalm 19; Psalm 20; 1 Samuel 17:1–11; 1 Samuel 17:32–51; Acts 2:22–47. Though named after its main character, the God appointed Saul to rule Israel (10:1) … 1 Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite: 2 And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children. 1120 BC) through the death of Saul (1011 BC). Survey of 1 Samuel Book Type: Book of History; the ninth book of the Old Testament; the ninth book of the Bible. He will accomplish His purposes with or without our cooperation. Optional Coloring Sheets: 1 Samuel Bible Coloring Page. 27:6) d. Johnson writes, “The books of Samuel were composed after the death of David from court records, eyewitness accounts, and the writings of the prophets Samuel… and ended in 1010. 1 and 2 Samuel were originally one book. Key personalities include Eli, Hannah, Samuel, Saul, Jonathan, and David. It was written to show Israel how they chose a king but in the process, they blatantly neglected and abandoned God. 19 i The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above 1 proclaims his handiwork. The author or authors of 1 and 2 Samuel are not known. God instructed Samuel to anoint David, the youngest son of Jesse of Bethlehem, as the next king (16:1–13). First Samuel chronicles the beginning of Israel’s monarchy, following the lives of the prophet Samuel, the ill-fated King Saul, and God’s ultimate choice of David as king. Saul hunts David out of jealousy (1 Sa 21–31). In our English Bibles the book called Samuel is divided into two parts: 1 Samuel, with 31 chapters, and 2 Samuel, with 24 chapters. 31). Samuel thus is the link between the judgeship and the kingship in Israel. Samuel is the author of 1 Samuel until his death in the twenty-fifth chapter. The themes of 1 Samuel are related to the themes of 2 Samuel: the sovereign God, who has guided David’s life, chooses David as the ruler of God’s people. Saul’s life warns us that we must always remain loyal to God. Listen to Chuck Swindoll’s overview of First Samuel in his audio message from the Classic series God’s Masterwork. We see the birth of Samuel, his call from God and subsequent prophetic ministry, the rise and fall of King Saul, and the anointing and maturity of young David. First Chronicles 29:29 notes that Samuel, along with Nathan and Gad, recorded the “acts of King David.” Evidence in the writing suggests that the books of 1 and 2 Samuel were compiled by someone from the prophetic school who used documents from Samuel, Nathan, and Gad.1. 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